Sermon Tone Analysis
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Background on
Good evening church
Please turn your Bibles to
As we continue our study of the Epistle to the believers in Rome
This chapter will be our final chapter in Romans
It is Paul’s final closing thoughts and prayers for specific individuals and the church of Rome as a whole
Opening Prayer
Before we dive into the text...Please join me one more time in prayer before we start
Reading:
Reading:
Reading:
Reading:
Verse 1: I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea;
Phoebe is believed to have been the bearer of Paul’s letter
I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea;
Scholars debate whether Phoebe is a servant in a general sense...
Or whether she served as a deacon
The reason is due to the Greek word “diakonos” which can mean either “servant” or “deacon”
Regardless, in the early church, women servants cared for sick believers, the poor, strangers, and those in prison...
They also instructed the women and children
Women servants cared for sick believers, the poor, strangers, and those in prison.
They instructed the women and children
So, whether Phoebe had an official title or not, she had the great responsibility of delivering this letter to the Roman church
Verse 2: That you receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and that you help her in whatever matter she may have need of you; for she herself has also been a helper of many, and of myself as well.
It is important to remember this fact, in the early church, women servants cared for sick believers, the poor, strangers, and those in prison...
They also instructed the women and children
So, whether Phoebe had an official title or not, she had the great responsibility of delivering this letter to the Roman church
Verse 3: Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus,
This greeting is in reference to Priscilla and Aquila where we see mentioned in
So, Priscilla and Aquila where both fellow tentmakers like Paul
They are also mentioned in when they both helped Apollos grow deeper in his theology
And again in which mentions that they used their home as a church
Verse 4: Who for my life risked their own necks, to whom not only do I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles;
They probably risked their lives for Paul at Corinth or Ephesus, but the details are not known
Verse 5: Also greet the church that is in their house.
Greet Epaenetus, my beloved, who is the first convert to Christ from Asia.
This home church held at Priscilla and Aquila’s is also mentioned in
“Asia” here refers to a province in what is modern-day Turkey
Verses 6-7: Greet Mary, who has worked hard for you.
Greet Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen and my fellow prisoners, who are outstanding among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
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Verse 7: Greet Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen and my fellow prisoners, who are outstanding among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
Andronicus and Junias are believed to be a married couple that served together
And they where imprisoned with Paul during one of his many times in jail
Some translations use the word “outstanding” among the apostles but the better translation is “well known” among the apostles
So this shows that this couple served so faithfully that they got the attention of the apostles
Here “apostles” can mean the actual apostles or the Greek word being used can also refer to a church envoy
Either way, it does not in any way imply that a woman may be an apostle as some advocate for due to a lack of understanding of the Greek
As the infallible Word of God, the Scriptures contain no contradictions and the office of an overseer or elder is only for men as seen in
Questions or Comments?
Reading:
Reading:
Reading:
Verse 8: Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord.
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Verse 9: Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and Stachys my beloved.
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Verse 10: Greet Apelles, the approved in Christ.
Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus.
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Verse 11: Greet Herodion, my kinsman.
Greet those of the household of Narcissus, who are in the Lord.
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Verse 12: Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, workers in the Lord.
Greet Persis the beloved, who has worked hard in the Lord.
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Verse 13: Greet Rufus, a choice man in the Lord, also his mother and mine.
Biblical scholars generally agree that he was one of the sons of Simon of Cyrene, the man enlisted to carry Jesus’ cross in
Verse 14: Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas and the brethren with them.
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So, Rufus was likely saved through this contact with Christ
Verse 15: Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them.
Additionally, Mark wrote his gospel in Rome, possibly after the letter to Rome was written, and circulated
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Paul would not have mentioned Rufus if that name were not well known to the church in Rome
“Choice man in the Lord” means Elected to salvation
So, this indicates he was widely known as an extraordinary believer because of his great love and service
“His mother and mine” refers not to Rufus being Paul’s natural brother
Rather, Rufus’ mother, the wife of Simon of Cyrene, at some time had cared for Paul during his ministry travels
Verse 16: Greet one another with a holy kiss.
All the churches of Christ greet you.
Verses 8-16 cover a verity of people Paul personally greets
Some of these individuals where slaves
And Some where free
Some where women
And some where men
Some scholars believed where royalty
and some where common folk
The point is that the whole Body of Christ is made up of all kinds of people from all walks of life
All tribes and all tounges
The kiss remains a common token of greeting in the East even to this day
This was the kissing of friends on the forehead, cheek, or beard and was common in the Old Testament
The Jews in the New Testament church carried on the practice
This became especially precious to new believers, who were often outcasts from their own families because of their faith, because of the spiritual kinship it signified
Here and elsewhere in his letters, Paul urges the believers to sanctify their greetings as symbols of Christian fellowship
The practice was also enjoined by Peter for the churches of Asia Minor
So you may ask, how is this applicable today?
I’m glad you asked
Like some other practices with symbolic meanings that change from culture to culture...
Such as footwashing, or head covering for wives, a “holy kiss” would not convey the same meaning today that it did in the first century
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