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회개의 의미

회개의 의미

Repentance means giving our hearts to God

"Give me our hearts. Come with fasting weeping, and mourning." (v. 12)

It's all about change of our hearts not just an action.

What people thougt of repentance, which God tells us not to do...

"DOn't tear your clothing in your grief" (v. 13)

they often put on sackcloth: “David then instructed … ‘Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn over Abner.’ ” ( HCSB; ; ). Sackcloth was a dark material made from camel or goat hair () and used for making grain bags (). It might be worn instead of or perhaps under other garments tied around the waist outside the tunic (; ) or in some cases sat or lain upon (). The women wore black or somber material: “Pretend to be in mourning: dress in mourning clothes, and don’t anoint yourself with oil. Act like a woman who has been mourning for the dead for many years” ( HCSB). Mourners also covered their heads, “[David’s] head was covered, and he was walking barefoot. All the people with him, without exception, covered their heads and went up, weeping as they ascended” ( HCSB). Mourners would typically sit barefoot on the ground with their hands on their heads (; ; ; ) and smear their heads or bodies with dust or ashes (; ; ; ; ). They might even cut their hair, beard, or skin (; ; ), though disfiguring the body in this way was forbidden since it was a pagan practice (; ; ).

Why should we repent? Because of the character of God.

Drakeford, J. W., & Clendenen, E. R. (2003). Grief and Mourning. In C. Brand, C. Draper, A. England, S. Bond, & T. C. Butler (Eds.), Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (p. 691). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.Why should we repent? Because of the character of God.

37:34 Rending Garments and Wearing Sackcloth

Then Jacob tore (rent, KJV) his clothes, put on sackcloth and mourned for his son many days.

Tearing the clothes is a symbol of the inward anguish the mourner is feeling, a violent expression of emotional pain, an outward sign to others that the person is suffering great inner turmoil. In moments of great anguish, the grief-stricken person might tear whatever clothing they were wearing and put ashes on their head, such as Tamar did about being raped by her brother Amnon: “Tamar put ashes on her head and tore the ornamented robe she was wearing. She put her hand on her head and went away, weeping aloud as she went” (). Her actions were those of a widow mourning for her lost husband.

Sackcloth was a rough cloth made of camel’s hair, goat hair, hemp, cotton, or flax. refers to sackcloth made of goat’s hair: “I watched as he opened the sixth seal. There was a great earthquake. The sun turned black like sackcloth made of goat hair.” Garments made of sackcloth, which was often loosely weaved like burlap, were worn as a sign of mourning or penitence. The garments were sometimes worn in place of regular clothing, or were loose-fitting sacks put over the shoulders, or simply a loin cloth. Sometimes the person put the sackcloth on an ash heap and laid upon both instead of wearing the cloth as shown in . In Nineveh, the king commanded that both “man and beast be covered with sackcloth” () as a sign of national repentance. See also , , , , , and for other references to sackcloth. Those descended from Isaac and from Ishmael are people of passionate emotions, and even today they often tear their clothing to express their great anguish or grief.

Freeman, J. M., & Chadwick, H. J. (1998). Manners & customs of the Bible (pp. 72–73). North Brunswick, NJ: Bridge-Logos Publishers.

"He is merciful and compassionate, slow to angry and filled with unfailing love. He is eager to relent and not punish. 14 who knows? Perhaps He will be able to give you a repieve, sending you a blessing instead of this curse. Perhaps you will be able to offer grain and wine to the Lord your God as before." (v. 13, 14)

Action required by tearing hearts (v 15-17)

"15Blow the ram's horn...Announce a time of fasting; call the people together...16Gather all people...17Let the priests...stand and weep...Let them pray, "Spare your people..."

회개의 이유

회개의 방법

A ritual of abstaining from food and/or drink for a predetermined period; practiced in the Bible primarily as a means of mourning. Fasting frequently occurs in the Old Testament in response to suffering or disaster, in conjunction with other mourning rituals.

Seal, D., & Whitcomb, K. A. (2016). Fasting. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, … W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.

회개의 결과

Apart from the Day of Atonement, fasting is absent from the Pentateuch but appears throughout the rest of the Old Testament. Fasting is frequently performed along with other practices of mourning, lamentation, or penitence, and it often is conjoined with prayer. At times, fasting functions as a preventative measure prior to engaging in dangerous activity, such as a journey or battle.

In the Old Testament, people often tear their clothes and dress in sackcloth and ashes as they fast (e.g., ; ; ). Such activities mark the participants as being in a lowly state and indicate weakness; fasting is a means of physically lowering oneself.

회개의 결과