Nature of repentance

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Scripture stresses the necessity of repentance from sin if individuals and communities are to have full fellowship with God. It also uses the term to refer to God’s relenting of sending judgment on his people, usually in response to human repentance.

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Repentance is a requirement for fellowship with God

2 Ki 17:13; 1 Th 1:9

See also Ps 34:14; Is 55:7; Ac 14:15; Jas 4:7–10

Repentance involves turning from sin

Sorrow for sin

Ps 51:17; 2 Co 7:8–10

See also Job 42:6; Ps 34:18; Is 57:15; Is 66:2; Joe 2:12–13; Lk 18:13

Confession of sin

Luke 15:17–19 NIV

“When he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have food to spare, and here I am starving to death! I will set out and go back to my father and say to him: Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son; make me like one of your hired servants.’

See also Le 5:5; Ps 51:1–3; Pr 28:13; Ho 14:1–2

Forsaking specific sins

Ezr 10:10–11; Eze 14:6; Ac 15:19–20

Making appropriate restitution

Nu 5:6–7; Lk 19:8

Repentance involves turning to God

Faith in God

Isaiah 30:15 NIV

This is what the Sovereign Lord, the Holy One of Israel, says: “In repentance and rest is your salvation, in quietness and trust is your strength, but you would have none of it.

See also Lk 22:32; Ac 11:21; Ac 20:21; Ac 26:18

Obedience

Ezekiel 18:21–23 NIV

“But if a wicked person turns away from all the sins they have committed and keeps all my decrees and does what is just and right, that person will surely live; they will not die. None of the offenses they have committed will be remembered against them. Because of the righteous things they have done, they will live. Do I take any pleasure in the death of the wicked? declares the Sovereign Lord. Rather, am I not pleased when they turn from their ways and live?

Repentance demonstrated by actions

Acts 26:20 NIV

First to those in Damascus, then to those in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and then to the Gentiles, I preached that they should repent and turn to God and demonstrate their repentance by their deeds.

See also Is 1:16–17; Da 4:27; Mt 3:8; Lk 3:10–14

Repentance must be sincere

Jeremiah 3:10 NIV

In spite of all this, her unfaithful sister Judah did not return to me with all her heart, but only in pretense,” declares the Lord.

See also 1 Ki 8:46–50; Ps 78:34–37; Ho 6:1–4

The repentance of God

Jeremiah 26:3 NIV

Perhaps they will listen and each will turn from their evil ways. Then I will relent and not inflict on them the disaster I was planning because of the evil they have done.