Covenant with David

REVIEW

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Covenant Review

Definition

Noah

Abraham

Israel

David

BACKGROUND (TIMING)

Time of the Judges

Saul is rejected as King because of his disobedience

Didn’t annihilate the Amalekites as instructed by God - kept things for himself

Saul consults a medium

COVENANT WITH DAVID

And 1 Chronicles 17

2 Samuel 7:1–17 ESV

Now when the king lived in his house and the Lord had given him rest from all his surrounding enemies, the king said to Nathan the prophet, “See now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwells in a tent.” And Nathan said to the king, “Go, do all that is in your heart, for the Lord is with you.” But that same night the word of the Lord came to Nathan, “Go and tell my servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord: Would you build me a house to dwell in? I have not lived in a house since the day I brought up the people of Israel from Egypt to this day, but I have been moving about in a tent for my dwelling. In all places where I have moved with all the people of Israel, did I speak a word with any of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?” ’ Now, therefore, thus you shall say to my servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts, I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, that you should be prince over my people Israel. And I have been with you wherever you went and have cut off all your enemies from before you. And I will make for you a great name, like the name of the great ones of the earth. And I will appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them, so that they may dwell in their own place and be disturbed no more. And violent men shall afflict them no more, as formerly, from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel. And I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover, the Lord declares to you that the Lord will make you a house. When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son. When he commits iniquity, I will discipline him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men, but my steadfast love will not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away from before you. And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.’ ” In accordance with all these words, and in accordance with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David.

God in a House

He doesn’t need a house

He transcends a physical building

David couldn’t build the house because of the blood on his hands but his son, Solomon, would build the house.

Temporary Home & Eternal Home

David desired to build a house of the Lord

But God countered by saying that he would build a house for David.

Play on words - House for the Lord (Temple), House for David (eternal dynasty)

WORDS & MEANING

The word covenant isn’t said in 2 Samuel 7 with no direct sign or meal immediately evident

Other texts confirm that this should be considered part of the universal covenant promise

Psalm 89:1–4 ESV

I will sing of the steadfast love of the Lord, forever; with my mouth I will make known your faithfulness to all generations. For I said, “Steadfast love will be built up forever; in the heavens you will establish your faithfulness.” You have said, “I have made a covenant with my chosen one; I have sworn to David my servant: ‘I will establish your offspring forever, and build your throne for all generations.’ ” Selah

Psalm 89:33–37 ESV

but I will not remove from him my steadfast love or be false to my faithfulness. I will not violate my covenant or alter the word that went forth from my lips. Once for all I have sworn by my holiness; I will not lie to David. His offspring shall endure forever, his throne as long as the sun before me. Like the moon it shall be established forever, a faithful witness in the skies.” Selah

Psalm 132:8–12 ESV

Arise, O Lord, and go to your resting place, you and the ark of your might. Let your priests be clothed with righteousness, and let your saints shout for joy. For the sake of your servant David, do not turn away the face of your anointed one. The Lord swore to David a sure oath from which he will not turn back: “One of the sons of your body I will set on your throne. If your sons keep my covenant and my testimonies that I shall teach them, their sons also forever shall sit on your throne.”

TYPE of Covenant

CONNECTED

UNCONDITIONAL & UNCONDITIONAL

English Standard Version Chapter 7

When he commits iniquity, I will discipline him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men, 15 but my steadfast love will not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away from before you. 16 And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.’ ”

Exile and the loss of political power do not mean that the promise was withdrawn, though they do signify that the promise won’t be fulfilled by means of kings who don’t keep the covenant stipulations.

2 Chronicles 21:7 ESV

Yet the Lord was not willing to destroy the house of David, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and since he had promised to give a lamp to him and to his sons forever.

PROMISES KEPT

Isaiah 9:6–7 ESV

For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end, on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forth and forevermore. The zeal of the Lord of hosts will do this.

Matthew & Mark both identify Jesus as the Messiah in the first verse of their gospels.

Luke 1:69 ESV

and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David,

We should note that Jesus’ messianic status also fulfills the covenant with Abraham, for in the birth of Jesus God has “shown the mercy promised to our fathers” and has “remembered his holy covenant, the oath that he swore to our father Abraham”

Luke 1:72–73 ESV

to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant, the oath that he swore to our father Abraham, to grant us