210117 Exodus 12: The Passover Lamb

Passover Lamb 3:30min NEED TO REVIEW THEOLOGY BOOK

Questions to answer:

When does the Passover take place

the tenth of the first month Exodus 12:3 (Answer this is called the month of Abib but also Nisan)

This is around March and April

This is when the lamb was taken

What is special about the 10th day of the month

On the fourteenth of the month (i.e. 4 days later) Exodus 12:6

Slaughter the lamb at twilight

Must eat unleavened bread until the 21st day

It must be fully consumed by the next day either by eating or burning Exodus 12:10

It must be eaten quickly (is this an initial requirement or an ongoing requirement) Exodus 12:11

The night of the fourteenth is when the Lord would pass through for judgement Exodus 12:12

judgment on animals, people, false gods Exodus 12:12

Concurrent with the Feast of Unleavened Bread Exodus 12:14-22

Notes

The Israelites are to share it with their immediate neighbor Exodus 12:4

Not every house was to be covered in the blood, just the houses where the lamb was eaten Exodus 12:7

The Passover lamb was to be eaten with unleavened bread and bitter herbs Exodus 12:8

The Passover lamb had to be burned not eaten raw or boiled Exodus 12:8-9

Tied to judgment Exodus 12:12-13

God was looking for a visible sign to avoid judging the Israelites Ex 12:13

No foreigner shall eat it unless they are circumcised (i.e. physically a member of God’s chosen people) vEx 12:43, Ex 12:48

Blood caught - ie not poured out in Exodus 12:22

Animal roasted whole eaten between the end of the 14th and the 15th day - none remaining until the morning of the 15th (burned with fire)

No bone may be broken of it v46 (John 19:33, 36)

Israelite fathers were obligated to use the time of the feast of unleavened bread to teach their kids about the history of the passover Ex 12:26

NT Connection

Jesus’ Passover celebration taken prior to and concurrent with His establishment of the New Covenant via Communion 1 Corinthians 11:25 The third cup of wine ie the cup of redemption Lk. 22:20

Interestingly ISBE states that Jesus did not drink the fourth cup - cup of consummation Mk 14:25

FROM THE ISBE

“The unfinished meal of Jesus was a pledge that redemption would be consummated at that future messianic banquet when he “drinks it anew in the kingdom of God” (Mk. 14:25; cf. Mt. 26:29; Rev. 3:20; 19:6–9).”

OT Connection

Isaiah 31:5 Shows

Related Facts

Hyssop/ὕσσωπος/ אֵזוֹב (Hyssop is a green plant with purple flowers but אֵזוֹב may be a caper / oregano / marjoram / thyme / za’atar)

Adult sheep have approximately 1 gallon of blood in their circulatory system

Context

Israel was on a lunar calendar of 28 days

Primary theme of Passover is redemption Exodus 13:15

Sanctification Exodus 13:2

Remembrance Exodus 13:16

In Exodus 11 Moses leaves the presence of Pharaoh in hot anger Exodus 11:8

Fantastic allusions to Ahmose I in Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmose_I

Remains found in 1899 ID’d in 1902

His cenotaph (monument is at 26.175,31.937778)

Elder brother died in Battle - ie not firstborn

Heir apparent, Ahmose-ankh, died mysteriously sometime between the 17th and 22 year of Ahmose I reign

Had a very strong neck (Gaston Maspero)

Other interesting elements

Had large prominent upper teeth

Other procedures

Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in blood which is in the basin - apply the blood to the lintel and two doorposts - stay inside Ex 12:22

Crossreferences for Passover

(Lev. 23:5–8; Nu. 28:16–25; Dt. 16:1–8)

The Israelites must eat it in the place where God chooses to establish His name (i.e. Shiloh and then Jerusalem) Deuteronomy 16:5-6

in 2 Chronicles 30 a narrative is recorded which documents the Passover being held in the second month apparently because there were not enough priests on hand to do the work necessary

2 Chronicles 35 documents a mass slaughter by Josiah of 37.6K Sheep/Goats 3.8K Bulls

It seems from the Ezra 6:19-22 narrative that purification was required by the priests and Levites prior to partaking in the Passover (John 11:55 supports the fact that all Jews were required to purify themselves)

1 Corinthians 5:7 Christ our Passover also has been sacrificed

IntroductionThesisOutlineApplicationConclusion TitleAuthorWhen writtenHistorical ContextThe reason why it was writtenThe themeWhats the pointWhat is it aboutWhere’s Jesus Prophecy:ForetellingForthtelling from the writers timeperiodForthtelling from our standpoint Anybody that particularly needs to hear the messageAnybody that will be sensitive to the message