2 Samuel 7
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Samuel Synopsis
Samuel Synopsis
THE CONTEXT:
THE CONTEXT:
Second Samuel begins with David mourning the death of Saul and Jonathan (chapter 1) and being anointed king of Judah (2:1-7).
Abner, the commander of Saul’s army, made Ishbaal, Saul’s son, king of Israel—resulting in warfare between Israel and Judah (2:8-32). However, David became stronger, and Abner eventually defected to David (31-21).
Without David’s permission, Joab killed Abner to revenge the death of Asahel, Joab’s brother.
Then Rechab and his brother Baanah killed Ishbaal (Saul’s son) without David’s permission (chapter 4).
David mourned the death of Abner (3:31-39) and had Rechab and Baanah killed because of their treachery against Saul’s son (4:9-12).
However, the deaths of Abner and Ishbaal led to David becoming king over Israel as well as Judah (5:1-5)—and Jerusalem becoming the capital of his kingdom (5:6-10). With the help of King Hiram of Tyre, David built himself a “house”.
1 Now when the king lived in his house and the Lord had given him rest from all his surrounding enemies, 2 the king said to Nathan the prophet, “See now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwells in a tent.” 3 And Nathan said to the king, “Go, do all that is in your heart, for the Lord is with you.”
“that the king said to Nathan the prophet“ (v. 2a). This is the first mention of Nathan. We have no idea how he came into David’s life, but the text identifies him as a prophet, and it is clear that David regards him as such. Nathan will turn out to be an important person in David’s life. He will confront David with his sin when David commits adultery with Bathsheba and arranges for Uriah’s murder to cover up his sin (12:1-15).
More than 400 years before this, when Israel was in the wilderness, God commanded Moses to build a tent of meeting according to a specific pattern (Exodus 25:8-9).
David's wants to do more than God commands. This is a wonderful place to be in our relationship with God. Most of us are so stuck in the thinking, "How little can I do and still please the LORD?" that we never really want to do more than God commands.
4 But that same night the word of the Lord came to Nathan, 5 “Go and tell my servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord: Would you build me a house to dwell in? 6 I have not lived in a house since the day I brought up the people of Israel from Egypt to this day, but I have been moving about in a tent for my dwelling. 7 In all places where I have moved with all the people of Israel, did I speak a word with any of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?” ’
Servant-the word “servant” also serves to remind David that, while he is a king to the people, he is a servant to God.
“Thus says Yahweh, ‘Would you build me a house for me to dwell in?’ The implication is that David is not worthy to build a house for God. First Chronicles says that God refused to allow David the privilege of building the temple because David had shed so much blood. But God promised, “Behold, a son shall be born to you, who shall be a man of rest…He shall build a house for my name” (1 Chronicles 22:7-10).
English Standard Version Chapter 22
7 David said to Solomon, “My son, I had it in my heart to build a house to the name of the LORD my God. 8 But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, ‘You have shed much blood and have waged great wars. You shall not build a house to my name, because you have shed so much blood before me on the earth. 9 Behold, a son shall be born to you who shall be a man of rest. I will give him rest from all his surrounding enemies. For his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quiet to Israel in his days. 10 He shall build a house for my name. He shall be my son, and I will be his father, and I will establish his royal throne in Israel forever.’
The tent afforded God mobility. During Israel’s wanderings in the wilderness, they were able to pack up the tent and its furnishings and take it with them. The ark (the key furnishing of the tabernacle—symbolizing the very presence of God) moved at the head of the procession, symbolizing God’s leadership of Israel. To place the ark in a permanent building would be confining—would appear to limit God’s mobility.
8 Now, therefore, thus you shall say to my servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts, I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, that you should be prince over my people Israel. 9 And I have been with you wherever you went and have cut off all your enemies from before you. And I will make for you a great name, like the name of the great ones of the earth. 10 And I will appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them, so that they may dwell in their own place and be disturbed no more. And violent men shall afflict them no more, as formerly, 11 from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel. And I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover, the Lord declares to you that the Lord will make you a house.
God bestowed three blessings on David in the past. He has:
• Taken David from pasture to palace (v. 8).
• Been with David wherever he went (v. 9a).
• Cut off all his enemies (v. 9a).
God outlines three great promises for David’s future. He will:
• Make for David a great name (v. 9b).
• Appoint a place for Israel and will plant them (v. 10).
• Give you rest from all your enemies (v. 11b).
b. He will make you a house: God promises David that he will build him a house in the sense of establishing a dynasty for the house of David. This was an enduring legacy for David long after his death.
12 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son. When he commits iniquity, I will discipline him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men, 15 but my steadfast love will not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away from before you. 16 And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.’ ” 17 In accordance with all these words, and in accordance with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David.
Each of these great promises was partially fulfilled in Solomon, David's son and successor to his throne.
- Solomon ruled on David's throne
- God's mercies never departed from Solomon, though he sinned
- Solomon built God a magnificent house
But the prophets foretold a greater fulfillment of these promises:
- Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, that I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; a King shall reign and prosper, and execute righteousness in the earth.... Now this is His name by which He will be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS (Jeremiah 23:5-6)
- For unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given; and the government will be upon His shoulder… Upon the throne of David and over His kingdom, to order it and establish it … from that time forward, even forever. (Isaiah 9:6-7)
God's promises to David are completely fulfilled in Jesus Christ.
- Jesus does reign, and will reign on David's throne forever
- The Father's mercies never departed from Jesus, even when He was made sin for us
- Jesus is building the Father a magnificent house (1 Corinthians 6:19) in the sense that we are God's temples (1 Peter 2:5) and the church is God's new house
18 Then King David went in and sat before the Lord and said, “Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my house, that you have brought me thus far? 19 And yet this was a small thing in your eyes, O Lord God. You have spoken also of your servant’s house for a great while to come, and this is instruction for mankind, O Lord God! 20 And what more can David say to you? For you know your servant, O Lord God! 21 Because of your promise, and according to your own heart, you have brought about all this greatness, to make your servant know it. 22 Therefore you are great, O Lord God. For there is none like you, and there is no God besides you, according to all that we have heard with our ears. 23 And who is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom God went to redeem to be his people, making himself a name and doing for them great and awesome things by driving out before your people, whom you redeemed for yourself from Egypt, a nation and its gods? 24 And you established for yourself your people Israel to be your people forever. And you, O Lord, became their God.
a. Who am I, O Lord GOD? … Therefore You are great, O Lord GOD: When David received this spectacular gift, he didn't think it made him any greater. In David's eyes it made God greater.
25 And now, O Lord God, confirm forever the word that you have spoken concerning your servant and concerning his house, and do as you have spoken. 26 And your name will be magnified forever, saying, ‘The Lord of hosts is God over Israel,’ and the house of your servant David will be established before you. 27 For you, O Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, have made this revelation to your servant, saying, ‘I will build you a house.’ Therefore your servant has found courage to pray this prayer to you. 28 And now, O Lord God, you are God, and your words are true, and you have promised this good thing to your servant. 29 Now therefore may it please you to bless the house of your servant, so that it may continue forever before you. For you, O Lord God, have spoken, and with your blessing shall the house of your servant be blessed forever.”
