Joshua 9 - 10

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The Context Sandwich (Look Back, Look Ahead)

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Ep. 1 (Chapter 9)

The Gibeonite Deception (9:1-15)

9:1 The israelites are going to encounter coalitions of cities and people groups. Six kings will come against the Israelites.

9:3 Gibeon Located about five miles away from Ai. Gibeon would eventually be folded into the tribe of Benjamin

9:6 Israelites go back to Gilgal (where in the new land the first passover and mass circumcision took place)

9:9 Joshua could have demanded more specific information but they could have told him any number of places that he would never heard of and he possibly realized this?

9:10 Sihon the king of Heshbon Num 21:21; Deut 2–3

9:14 Did not ask counsel from the Lord. Key element in the reason Israel is deceived.

Urim (and Thummim) An object used by the priests to receive counsel from Yahweh. While it was a form of divination, it was an officially sanctioned part of the priests’ role as an intermediary between Yahweh and Israel - LBD

Gibeonites Exposed (9:16-27)

9:17 Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim were allies of the Gibeonites. 

All of the cities fall into Benjamin’s tribal allotment and are located within 10 miles of Jerusalem. FSB

9:18-20 The people were likely uneasy that this violation of the cherem (Ban or objects “Devoted for Destruction”) command would result in retaliation from Yahweh, or perhaps withdrawal of His help.

9:21-24 Deuteronomy 29:11 demonstrates that there were already such foreigners in Israel’s midst, perhaps members of the “mixed multitude” who had left Egypt with Israel (Exod 12:38). However, the Israelites were not to extend this opportunity to the Canaanites (Deut 20:15–16). Israel had no choice in this case due to the treaty.

9:26 “to this day”

9:27 “Probably Refers to the central sanctuary, which would become the focus of Israelite worship after the conquest Deut 12:5

Ep. 2 (Chapter 10)

 Ammonites attack Gibeon (10:1-10)

 10:1 Adoni-zedek Means “My Lord is Righteous,” with “righteous” translating the Hebrew word tsedeq (Gen 14:18).  

 10:3 The cities of this five-king coalition are situated southwest of Jerusalem. This suggests the current coalition is different from the one in 9:1–2

 10:5 The five kings of the Amorites The term “Amorites” was occasionally used with reference to giant clans (see vv. 3; Deut 1:4; 2:22–24; 3:10–13; 4:47; 31:4). The Israelite southern campaign is heading directly into the territory of the enemies they feared 40 years earlier.

 10:9 “having marched up all night from Gilgal” Gilgal was approximately 21 miles from Gibeon.

 10:10 Threw them into a panic The Hebrew verb used here, hamam, frequently occurs in descriptions when God helps Israel in battle—especially when God uses meteorological phenomena (see Exod 14:24; Psa 77:16–18; Judg 4:15; 5:20–21; 1 Sam 7:10; 2 Sam 22:15; Pss 18:14; 144:6; compare Josh 10:11).

God’s Role in the Battle (10:11-15)

10:12-13 Sun, stand still at Gibeon. The sun’s location over Gibeon in the east suggests this event occurs in the morning. Gibeon is due east of Aijalon.

 10:14 No day like it before or since The exceptional nature is due to the specificity of the prayer and immediacy of the response. Even the life of Moses has nothing so immediate and dramatic with such a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Israel’s Role in the Battle (10:16-43)

10:16-18  Kings hid in the cave at Makkedah. Hiding place becomes their prison.

10:20  “Remnant returned to their fortified cities” We can see from this they were not part of the Banned things “Devoted to Destruction”

10:25 “Do not be afraid or dismayed be strong and courageous”Joshua repeating words of Moses 

10:26 “Hung them on tree’s until the evening” Deut 21:22-23

10:28-39 The Israelites conquer 7 more cities. These cities are under the ban but we will see later in Joshua and in Judges 1:29. Gezer was not “totally” destroyed. Possibly the reference to “him and his people” may only refer to the king and his army.

10:40 Goshen-  Not the Goshen located in the Nile Delta in Egypt

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