Acts 21:17- 26
Review
Background
Text:
17 When we had come to Jerusalem, the brothers received us gladly. 18 On the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present. 19 After greeting them, he related one by one the things that God had done among the Gentiles through his ministry. 20 And when they heard it, they glorified God. And they said to him, “You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed. They are all zealous for the law, 21 and they have been told about you that you teach all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children or walk according to our customs. 22 What then is to be done? They will certainly hear that you have come. 23 Do therefore what we tell you. We have four men who are under a vow; 24 take these men and purify yourself along with them and pay their expenses, so that they may shave their heads. Thus all will know that there is nothing in what they have been told about you, but that you yourself also live in observance of the law. 25 But as for the Gentiles who have believed, we have sent a letter with our judgment that they should abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality.” 26 Then Paul took the men, and the next day he purified himself along with them and went into the temple, giving notice when the days of purification would be fulfilled and the offering presented for each one of them.
Exegesis
17 When we had come to Jerusalem, the brothers received us gladly.
21:15 went up to Jerusalem. Pentecost, the fiftieth day after Passover, is fast approaching (they have spent at least thirty-six days traveling from Philippi to Caesarea, and they have spent several days at Caesarea), and Paul wants to be at Jerusalem for this feast (20:16).
Paul would no longer bear his witness as a free man in the subsequent narrative of Acts. He would be in chains, but the chains would be unable to bind his witness. His witness would indeed become bolder still.
18 On the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present. 19 After greeting them, he related one by one the things that God had done among the Gentiles through his ministry. 20 And when they heard it, they glorified God.
And they said to him, “You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed. They are all zealous for the law, 21 and they have been told about you that you teach all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children or walk according to our customs. 22 What then is to be done? They will certainly hear that you have come. 23 Do therefore what we tell you. We have four men who are under a vow; 24 take these men and purify yourself along with them and pay their expenses, so that they may shave their heads. Thus all will know that there is nothing in what they have been told about you, but that you yourself also live in observance of the law. 25 But as for the Gentiles who have believed, we have sent a letter with our judgment that they should abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality.”
21:20 zealous for the law. Thousands of Jewish Christians in Jerusalem strictly observe the Mosaic law. While many of these no doubt resent the fact that Gentile Christians are not required to observe the ceremonial law of Moses (v. 25; 15:1–31), the charge here is that Paul has been encouraging Jews to forsake the law as well (v. 21). Such a charge may have been prompted by reports that Paul himself does not follow the Jewish ceremonial law when in Gentile company. Though Paul has no objection to Jews’ following their ancestral customs and does so when ministering to Jews (16:3; 18:18; see 1 Cor. 9:20), he opposes any attempt to impose the observance of Mosaic ceremonial laws on Gentiles, or to make such observance in some way necessary for salvation (Rom. 14:1–8; Gal. 2:3; 5:2–6). Always careful to avoid giving unnecessary offense, Paul’s flexibility in such matters shows that the interests of the gospel are always foremost in his mind (1 Cor. 9:19–23). He even counsels Jewish believers in Corinth against a misguided attempt to reverse their circumcision (1 Cor. 7:18, 19).
21:24 purify yourself A Nazirite vow was connected with becoming pure or holy before Yahweh for a set period of time (Num 6:5, 8). James may be suggesting that Paul join in the Nazirite vow himself—which he may have already voluntarily done at one point (see Acts 18:18 and note)—or that Paul undergo a different kind of purification rite (e.g., Num 19:12). By doing this, Paul will show that he is still sensitive to Jewish culture, which James believes will overturn their fellow Jews’ concerns about Paul. This action demonstrates that Paul is not encouraging Jews to abandon their traditions, cultural identity, or religious identity.
Paul Arrested in the Temple
27 When the seven days were almost completed, the Jews from Asia, seeing him in the temple, stirred up the whole crowd and laid hands on him, 28 crying out, “Men of Israel, help! This is the man who is teaching everyone everywhere against the people and the law and this place. Moreover, he even brought Greeks into the temple and has defiled this holy place.” 29 For they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian with him in the city, and they supposed that Paul had brought him into the temple. 30 Then all the city was stirred up, and the people ran together. They seized Paul and dragged him out of the temple, and at once the gates were shut. 31 And as they were seeking to kill him, word came to the tribune of the cohort that all Jerusalem was in confusion. 32 He at once took soldiers and centurions and ran down to them. And when they saw the tribune and the soldiers, they stopped beating Paul. 33 Then the tribune came up and arrested him and ordered him to be bound with two chains. He inquired who he was and what he had done. 34 Some in the crowd were shouting one thing, some another. And as he could not learn the facts because of the uproar, he ordered him to be brought into the barracks. 35 And when he came to the steps, he was actually carried by the soldiers because of the violence of the crowd, 36 for the mob of the people followed, crying out, “Away with him!”