Sermon Tone Analysis
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The following material is adopted from John MacArthur’s commentary on Matthew and his Study guide.
Additional material taken from sources listed at the end
Chapter 13
Read and summarize
Look for
— Prayers ( Blue )
— Promises ( Green )
— Warnings ( Red )
— Commands ( Purple )
Introduction
— This marks a new division / train of thought
— The theme of the gospel is to present Jesus as the King
— Chapter 1: The genealogy of Jesus demonstrated that He was the rightful heir of David
— Chapter 2: Confirmed by the King Makers of the East, the wise men
— Chapter 3: John the Baptist He was confirmed by John the Baptist, the forerunner of the Messiah
— Chapter 4: His Kingship was attested by his conflict with Satan
— Chapter 5,6 & 7: He speaks with authority as the King in the Sermon on the Mount
— Chapter 8-10: Three chapters of miracles and his healing credentials spoken of in the OT
— And all the while He is establishing His credentials, there is a mounting rejection of the King
— Chapter 11: He condemns Israel for their rejection, and closes with an invitation
— Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls.
30 For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.”
( Matt 11:29-30 )
— Judgment is accompanied by an invitation and grace
— Chapter 12: Rejection reaches its climax --- they accuse Jesus of being of Satan and He says that they have committed the unpardonable sin and will not be forgiven
— Chapter 12 closes with another invitation
— For whoever does the will of My Father in heaven is My brother and sister and mother.”
( Matt 12:50 )
— You will have intimate fellowship with me if you do the will of the Father ( which is to listen to the son )
— As we enter Chapter 13 Israel has rejected the King and kingdom
Q: If Jesus came to offer the kingdom to Israel and it was rejected, was God’s plan totally frustrated?
What happened to the kingdom?
Did his own predictions fail to come true ( 13:1-17 )?
The Kingdom and the Gospel — Part 1 ( 13:1-17 )
— It is this question that Jesus addresses in Matthew 13 with a series of 7 parables
— The underlying truth was that the kingdom in its final fulfillment would be postponed until Israel would believe and receive her king
— That will be at the second coming of Christ
— God cannot forsake his promise
— But the day of that fulfilled kingdom had to be postponed because
— “He came to His own, and His own did not receive Him.” ( Jn 1:11 )
— But the internal kingdom was established because
— “But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name” ( Jn 1:12 )
— God always planned from the divine standpoint
— The rejection of Christ by His own people and His subsequent death and resurrection were absolutely essential to God’s program
— Humanly speaking, the kingdom, instead of being brought in immediately, was postponed
— From the divine viewpoint, the plan always included what actually happened
The Church Age
— The OT saw the suffering servant ( Ps 22; Is 53 ) and it saw the conquering Messiah who was an heir to David ( Is 9:7 ) and would conquer His enemies ( Ps 1:5-6; Is 61:2; Ezek 37:34-25 )
—But, OT did not see the church age
— Jesus calls this a mystery ( 13:11 ) and here for the first time He describes that church age through a series of parables
— Jesus said that we are blessed if we can understand this mystery ( cf. 1 Cor 2:12-16 ) which OT prophets wished to see but could not ( Luke 10:23-24 )
— We need to understand chapter 13 because it is describing our time
Going Deeper
— Matthew presents us with a total of 20 parables.
Parables are only found in Matthew, Mark and Luke
— We have seen 4 already: Lamp under a basket ( 5:14-16); Wise man and his house ( 7:24-27); Old and new garment ( 9:16 ); old and new wine skin ( 9:17 )
— Chapter 13 will consider 7 more
The Mystery includes more than Christ’s second coming which was hidden in the OT
— The mysteries of the kingdom of heaven ( Matt 13:11 )
— The mystery of Israel’s hardening ( Rom 11:25 )
— The mystery of the gospel ( Eph 6:19 )
— The mystery of the rapture ( 1 Cor 15:51 )
— The mystery of God’s will ( Eph 1:9 )
— The mystery of Christ indwelling believers ( Col 1:26-27 )
— The mystery of lawlessness, which will be fully revealed in the Antichrist ( 2 Thess 2:7 )
— The mystery of faith ( 1 Tim 3:9 )
— The mystery of godliness ( 1 Tim 3:16 )
The Place: The Seashore ( 13:1-2 )
( 13:1-2 ) On the same day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the sea. 2 And great multitudes were gathered together to Him, so that He got into a boat and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.
— On that day refers to the day on which Jesus’ mother and brothers came looking for him, probably to persuade Him to stop preaching and teaching
— In the early part of Jesus’ ministry he spent more time indoors
— By going to the seashore Jesus is able to reach more people than by staying in the house
— As He grew more popular and as he was more rejected by the religious leaders, He spent more time ministering outdoors — on the seashore and mountainside and in the countryside, highways and streets
Q: In His earlier teachings during the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus gave clear instructions on kingdom living.
His miracles were a tangible example of the kingdom.
Now He suddenly speaks parables.
Why?
What is a parable ( 13:3 )?
To whom did Jesus explain the parables?
The Plan: To Speak in Parables ( 13:3a )
( 13:3 ) Then He spoke many things to them in parables, saying: “Behold, a sower went out to sow.
— Jesus used many illustration or parables when speaking to the crowds
— A parable compares something familiar to something unfamiliar
— It helps us understand spiritual truths by using everyday objects and relationships
— Parables compel listeners to discover truth, while at the same time concealing the truth from those too lazy or stubborn to see it
— We must be careful not to read too much into a parable, forcing them to say what they don’t mean
— Each parable has a central meaning unless otherwise specified by Jesus
The Explanation
— In these particular parables the truth is not made clear because the basic story tells nothing but the literal account without presenting the moral or spiritual truth
— It was only to His disciples that Jesus explained what the soil, the seed, the thorns and other figures represent
Q: Why Parables?
What are they?
— Reveal the truth only to believers and required explanation in order to understand them.
In a sense, they were riddles which required a key, but supplied with the key, the truth became prophetically eloquent.
(Inspired by the Holy Spirit)
— For the purpose of withholding further truth about Himself and the kingdom of heaven from the crowds, who had proved themselves to be deaf to His claims and unresponsive to His demands
— From now onwards, when addressing the unbelieving multitude, He speaks only in parables ( 34 ), which He interprets to His disciples in private
— Upon to this time, Jesus has basically drawn from the OT and given discourses based on OT scripture.
He has propounded doctrines, theological truths.
He has been a theological preacher, an expositional preacher.
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