Gospel of John - 13

Gospel of John - 13

John 18:1 - 20:31

Introduction

Next week is our final week together in John. This week we cover three full chapters that contain 17 separate vignettes. This is what is called the Passion Narrative in the Gospel accounts. The record of the arrest, trials, crucifixion, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. John’s is unique:

- appearance before Annas

- Roman trial has more detail

- No account of formal Jewish trial before Caiaphas

- emphasis that all events fulfill prophecy

John 18:1-11

v. 4 - knowing what would happen - divine foreknowledgev. 5-6 - final Absolute I Am statement (3x)Falling to the ground is common reaction to divine revelation

Ezekiel 1:28; 44:4

Daniel 2:46; 8:18; 10:9

Acts 9:4; 22:7; 26:14

Revelation 1:17; 19:10; 22:8

v. 10 - only John includes the name of the servant Malchus. Luke records the immediate healing of his ear by Jesus.v. 11 - cup - metaphor for death and God’s wrathPsalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17,22; Jeremiah 25:15-17, 28-29; 49:12; Revelation 14:10; 16:19Notice…it is the cup that the Father gives to him. This is not happening at the plan of these evil men. It is ultimately God at work.

John 18:12-27

v. 13 - Annas the High PriestThree wealthy families that held the office under Roman rule. Annas is patriarch of one of those families. He, his 5 sons, and a son in law all hold the office.Caiaphas is the son in law, holds office for 18 years, longest in entire 1st century.Annas held power over the office, even while sons were in power. So he is still referred to by the title.v. 15 - another disciple…this is John. He will refer to himself in 3rd person multiple times in this account.v. 17 - you also? Did John also deny? Repeated again in v. 25.v. 20 - nothing in secret…there is no conspiracy to overthrow Romev. 27 - rooster - fulfillment of Jesus’ words in 13:38

John 18:28-40

v. 29 - Pilate - appointed by Emperor Tiberius, reigned from 26-36ADv. 31 - Romans revoked Sanhedrin’s right to capital punishment. They have charged him with blasphemy, but Pilate doesn’t care about that. They will have to come up with a political charge…treason.John 19:1-16v. 33 - assessing threat to Rome…is this really a big deal?v. 38 - what is truth? Ironic question to ask Truth.Exonerates him 3x (18:38; 19:4,6)Courtroom motif…he is declared innocent by a 3rd partyv. 40 - Barabbas - lit. Bar Abbas son of the father. Irony…he is released instead of the one and only Son of the FatherCombined with rest of Gospel account, he is robber, insurrectionist, and murderer.Picture of Gospel…innocent goes to death while the guilty go free

John 19:16b-27

v. 17 - carry cross…Simon of Cyrene (Matthew 27:32)Place of the Skull…Latin Calvaryv. 18 - two criminalsPsalm 22:16; Isaiah 53:12v. 19 - sign was to list specific crimesJohn’s use of irony…it’s true!v. 20 - Aramaic - daily language Latin - official language of RomeGreek - international language of empirev. 24 - Psalm 22 - most often quoted psalm in NTAlso in John 19:28, 36, 37v. 25 - Mary’s sister…could be Salome, mother of James and Johnv. 26-27 - OT commands to honor parents…provision for her careWidowed with no income

John 19:28-30

v. 28 - fulfill Scripture - Psalm 69:21v. 30 - It is finished…over, no more work to accomplishHebrews 9:11-12, 25-28Gave up…voluntary

John 19:31-37

v. 31 - Sabbath high day (of Passover week)Dead bodies would have defiled the landBroken legs…expedited deathDescription of crucifixion v. 34 - blood and water…pericardial sack fills with water in trauma of crucifixionTemple Mount had channels built into it to drain blood, poured water over it. Water and blood poured out the side of the temple

- v. 36 - no bones broken - Psalm 34:20

v. 37 - Zechariah 12:10

John 19:38-42

v. 38 - Joseph of Arimathea - wealth member of Sanhedrin (Matthew 27:57)Isaiah 53:9v. 41 - Garden…Eden, death, New Jerusalem (Garden City of Revelation 21-22)

John 20:1-10

v. 1 - Sunday…switched from Saturday to worship dayv. 2 - other disciple…Johnv. 4 - John is faster…why include this?v. 6 - cloths lying there…evidence the body was not stolenv. 8 - still faster!2 male witnesses - true in Jewish court

John 20:11-23

v. 15 - gardener…could not identify himVeiled his identity, or resurrected body was so much betterv. 16 - Mary - hears his voice and knows it is himJohn 10:3-4v. 17 - my God and your God, my Father and your Father…same relationship nowv. 21-22 - Johannine Great CommissionForetaste of Holy Spirit to come at Pentecostv. 23 - forgive/withheld…perfect tense verbs ‘have been’Past action with present resultsNot teaching that church has authority to forgive sins or determine salvationEndorsing the Gospel message

John 20:24-29

v. 25 - reasonable doubtv. 26 - 8 days…wrestling with this informationv. 27 - no lecture about his doubt…just offers proofBelieve…it is reasonable to do sov. 28 - My Lord and My God - Jesus did not correct himv. 29 - that is us…faith = belief without sight1 Peter 1:8-9

John 20:30-31

restates themes of the GospelIdentity of Jesus as Christ, Son of GodSignsBelief and Life

- purpose of the Gospel is so you will respond to Jesus the same way Thomas did