Proverbs 10:2-4

Proverbs 10  •  Sermon  •  Submitted
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Main teaching: money is from the Lord and through work.

Notes
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Introduction

The place of work to materialize (pun intended) the blessings of God.
Deuteronomy 8:1–20 NASB95
1 “All the commandments that I am commanding you today you shall be careful to do, that you may live and multiply, and go in and possess the land which the Lord swore to give to your forefathers. 2 “You shall remember all the way which the Lord your God has led you in the wilderness these forty years, that He might humble you, testing you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. 3 “He humbled you and let you be hungry, and fed you with manna which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, that He might make you understand that man does not live by bread alone, but man lives by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of the Lord. 4 “Your clothing did not wear out on you, nor did your foot swell these forty years. 5 “Thus you are to know in your heart that the Lord your God was disciplining you just as a man disciplines his son. 6 “Therefore, you shall keep the commandments of the Lord your God, to walk in His ways and to fear Him. 7 “For the Lord your God is bringing you into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and springs, flowing forth in valleys and hills; 8 a land of wheat and barley, of vines and fig trees and pomegranates, a land of olive oil and honey; 9 a land where you will eat food without scarcity, in which you will not lack anything; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills you can dig copper. 10 “When you have eaten and are satisfied, you shall bless the Lord your God for the good land which He has given you. 11 “Beware that you do not forget the Lord your God by not keeping His commandments and His ordinances and His statutes which I am commanding you today; 12 otherwise, when you have eaten and are satisfied, and have built good houses and lived in them, 13 and when your herds and your flocks multiply, and your silver and gold multiply, and all that you have multiplies, 14 then your heart will become proud and you will forget the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 15 “He led you through the great and terrible wilderness, with its fiery serpents and scorpions and thirsty ground where there was no water; He brought water for you out of the rock of flint. 16 “In the wilderness He fed you manna which your fathers did not know, that He might humble you and that He might test you, to do good for you in the end. 17 “Otherwise, you may say in your heart, ‘My power and the strength of my hand made me this wealth.’ 18 “But you shall remember the Lord your God, for it is He who is giving you power to make wealth, that He may confirm His covenant which He swore to your fathers, as it is this day. 19 “It shall come about if you ever forget the Lord your God and go after other gods and serve them and worship them, I testify against you today that you will surely perish. 20 “Like the nations that the Lord makes to perish before you, so you shall perish; because you would not listen to the voice of the Lord your God.

v.2

2 1aIll-gotten gains do not profit,

But righteousness delivers from death.

4 aRiches do not profit in the day of wrath,

But brighteousness delivers from death.

5 The arighteousness of the blameless will smooth his way,

But bthe wicked will fall by his own wickedness.

6 The righteousness of the upright will deliver them,

But the treacherous will abe caught by their own greed.

1 Moreover, the word of the LORD came to me saying,

2 “And you, son of man, thus says the Lord 1GOD to the land of Israel, ‘An aend! The end is coming on the four corners of the land.

3 ‘Now the end is upon you, and I will send My anger against you; I will judge you according to your ways and bring all your abominations upon you.

4 ‘For My eye will have no pity on you, nor will I spare you, but I will abring your ways upon you, and your abominations will be among you; then you will bknow that I am the LORD!’

5 “Thus says the Lord 1GOD, ‘A adisaster, unique disaster, behold it is coming!

6 ‘An end is coming; the end has come! It has aawakened against you; behold, it has come!

7 ‘Your doom has come to you, O inhabitant of the land. The atime has come, the bday is near—tumult rather than joyful shouting on the mountains.

8 ‘Now I will shortly apour out My wrath on you and spend My anger against you; bjudge you according to your ways and bring on you all your abominations.

9 ‘My eye will show no pity nor will I spare. I will 1repay you according to your ways, while your abominations are in your midst; then you will know that I, the LORD, do the smiting.

10 ‘Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! Your doom has gone forth; the arod has budded, arrogance has blossomed.

11 ‘Violence 1has grown into a rod of awickedness. None of them shall remain, none of their people, none of their bwealth, nor anything eminent among them.

12 ‘The atime has come, the day has arrived. Let not the bbuyer rejoice nor the seller mourn; for cwrath is against all their multitude.

13 ‘Indeed, the seller will not 1aregain 2what he sold as long as 3they both live; for the vision regarding all their multitude will not 4be averted, nor will any of them maintain his life by his iniquity.

14 ‘They have ablown the trumpet and made everything ready, but no one is going to the battle, for My wrath is against all 1their multitude.

15 ‘The asword is outside and the plague and the famine are within. He who is in the field will die by the sword; famine and the plague will also consume those in the city.

16 ‘Even when their survivors aescape, they will be on the mountains like bdoves of the valleys, all of them 1cmourning, each over his own iniquity.

17 ‘All ahands will hang limp and all knees will 1become like water.

18 ‘They will agird themselves with sackcloth and bshuddering will overwhelm them; and shame will be on all faces and cbaldness on all their heads.

19 ‘They will afling their silver into the streets and their gold will become an abhorrent thing; their bsilver and their gold will not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the LORD. They cannot satisfy their 1appetite nor can they fill their stomachs, for their iniquity has become an occasion of stumbling.

1 aCome now, byou rich, cweep and howl for your miseries which are coming upon you.

2 aYour riches have rotted and your garments have become moth-eaten.

3 Your gold and your silver have rusted; and their rust will be a witness against you and will consume your flesh like fire. It is ain the last days that you have stored up your treasure!

4 Behold, athe pay of the laborers who mowed your fields, and which has been withheld by you, cries out against you; and bthe outcry of those who did the harvesting has reached the ears of cthe Lord of 1Sabaoth.

5 You have alived luxuriously on the earth and led a life of wanton pleasure; you have 1fattened your hearts in ba day of slaughter.

6 You have condemned and 1aput to death bthe righteous man; he does not resist you.

19 So are the ways of everyone who agains by violence;

It takes away the life of its possessors.

16 The 1awages of the righteous is life,

The income of the wicked, punishment.

Proverbs 10:2 (BHS/WHM 4.2)
2לֹא־ negation not
י֭וֹעִילוּ hifilimpf3ms + 2cpl
: hif.: pf. הוֹעִיל‎; impf. יוֹעִיל‎, אֹעִיל‎, יֹ(וֹ)עִ(י)לוּ‎, יוֹעִילוּךָ‎; inf. הוֹעִיל‎, abs. הוֹעֵל‎; pt. מוֹעִיל‎:—1. help, be of use: esp.: gods cannot … 1 S 12:21;—2. get profit, advantage Je 12:13.1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 138.
אוֹצְר֣וֹת nmpl
אוֹצָר‎ (80 ×): cs. אוֹצַר‎, sf. אוֹצָרוֹ‎; pl. אוֹצָרוֹת‎:—1. a) pl. supplies Ne 12:44; storehouses Ne 13:12f; b) treasure, esp. of palace or temple Je 15:13; 1 K 7:51;—2. cosmic: treasure of Y. in heaven Dt 28:12, storehouses of wind Je 10:13.1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 7.
רֶ֑שַׁע nms of injustice
רֶשַׁע‎: רָֽשַׁע‎; sf. רִשְׁעוֹ‎; pl. רְשָׁעִים‎ † Ez 21:34: wrong, injustice, guilt 1 S 24:14; ʿāśâ rešaʿ do wrong Pr 16:12; ʾanšê rešaʿ wrongdoers Jb 34:8; ʾōṣerôt rešaʿ treasures gained by wrongdoing Mi 6:10; mōʾznê rešaʿ false balances Mi 6:11.1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 347.
וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה waw cons + nms and righteousness
תַּצִּ֥יל hiphilimpf3fs he causes a rescue

hif.: (190 ×): pf. הִצִּיל‎, הִצַּלְתָּ‎, הִצַּלְנוּ‎, sf. הִצִּילַ֫נִי‎, הִצִּילָם‎, הִצּילָנוּ‎; impf. יַצִּיל‎, יַצֵּל‎, וַיַּצֵּל‎, וָאַצִּיל‎, sf. וַיַּצִּלֵהוּ‎, יַצִּילָם‎, יַצִּילֻךְ‎; impv. הַצֵּל‎, הַצִּילָה‎, הַצִּילֵנִי‎; inf. הַצִּיל‎, הַצִּילוֹ‎, הַצִּילֶֽךָ‎, הַצֵּל‎; pt. מַצִּיל‎:—1. snatch away Ju 11:26;—2. take away Gn 31:9;—3. pull out, extricate, rescue Ex 5:23 & oft.: hiṣṣîl nafšô rescue onesf. Is 44:20; weʾên maṣṣîl with no one to rescue, (the situation is) past help Ju 18:28; abs. rescue 1 S 12:21; secure (a military position) 2 S 23:12.1

1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 244.
מִמָּֽוֶת׃ prep + nms from death
2. Profits of wrongdoing and rightdoing
Treasures wrongly acquired profit nothing,
But righteousness delivers from death.
Antithetic, ternary. The Heb. has treasures of wickedness, = wealth acquired unjustly (not stores or masses of evildoing); this is contrasted with justice, righteousness as a method of procedure in business-transactions and other affairs of life. Ill-gotten wealth, says the writer, though it may procure temporary triumph, profits nothing in the end, since violence and injustice are sure to bring divine or human (legal or private) vengeance on the man’s head. Justice (= probity), on the other hand, by avoiding such vengeance (and having the blessing of God), secures to its possessor a long and peaceful life—exemption from premature death, which is regarded in OT. as a direct divine judgment. Wealth, says the sage, will not avert God’s judgment, but righteousness secures his favor. For the nature of the death see notes on 1:19; 2:18–22, etc.; cf. v. 16, 21, 27, 30 of this chapter. That there is no reference to rewards and punishments beyond the grave appears from the whole thought of the Book. On the terms wickedness, righteousness see notes on 4:17; 8:18; 1:3.—As early as the second century b.c. (and perhaps earlier) the term righteousness came to be used as equivalent to almsgiving, alms, as in Dan. 4:27(24), where the king is urged to rid himself of the guilt of sin by righteousness defined as showing kindness to the poor; and parallels to our proverb are found in Tob. 4:10; 12:9; BS. 3:30; 29:12, with substitution of almsgiving for righteousness; in Tob. 12:9 the two terms are employed as synonyms. This usage occurs also in NT. (Mt. 6:1), Talmud (Succa, 49b), Midrash (on Pr. 21:3), Koran (9:104). It is to be explained by the prominence which almsgiving always assumes in society (the care of the poor being the most obvious of social duties)—it naturally comes to be regarded as the special indication of a good heart, and as a means of wiping out guilt (cf. the analogous use in OT. of afflict one’s self for fast). This idea, however, does not seem to be contained in our proverb; the contrast appears to be between probity and wickedness in general, though it is possible that the intention is to put treasure acquired wickedly and used selfishly over against wealth expended for the needy.1
1 Crawford Howell Toy, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Proverbs, International Critical Commentary (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1899), 198–199.

v.3

3 The LORD awill not allow the 1righteous to hunger,

But He bwill 2reject the craving of the wicked.

6 The righteousness of the upright will deliver them,

But the treacherous will abe caught by their own greed.

33 “But 1seek first 2His kingdom and His righteousness, and aall these things will be 3added to you.

34 “So do not aworry about tomorrow; for tomorrow will 1care for itself. 2Each day has enough trouble of its own.

25 I have been young and now I am old,

Yet aI have not seen the righteous forsaken

Or bhis 1descendants begging bread.

26 All day long ahe is gracious and lends,

And bhis 1descendants are a blessing

Proverbs 10:3 (BHS/WHM 4.2)
3לֹֽא־ negation not
יַרְעִ֣יב hiphilimpf3ms be caused to be hungry
יְ֭הוָה proper name YHWH
נֶ֣פֶשׁ nms a soul
צַדִּ֑יק construct nms a righteous/of righteousness
וְהַוַּ֖ת conj + nfs of greed absolute
I הַוָּה‎: cs. הַוַּת‎:—1. (arbitrary) choice Mi 7:3;—2. greed Pr 10:3. †1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 77.
רְשָׁעִ֣ים nmpl wicked/guilty ones
יֶהְדֹּֽף׃ qimpf3ms he drives away
v.4

4 Poor is he who works with a negligent hand,

But the ahand of the diligent makes rich.

Proverbs 10:4 (BHS/WHM 4.2)
4רָ֗אשׁ qptcple 3ms poor
  : qal: pf. רָשׁוּ‎; pt. רָ(א)שׁ‎, pl. רָ(א)שִׁים‎: be poor 1 S 18:23.
[hif., hof.: ϝ ירשׁ‎.]1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 336.
עֹשֶׂ֥ה qptcple making
כַף־ nms hand
1022a כַף‎ (kap) the palm of the hand, hand (opened or turned upward so as to expose the hand, in contrast with yad “hand” in general, whether open or closed in a grasp or fist); flat of the hand, sole of the foot (Gen 40:11; II Kgs 4:34; Lev 14:16; Gen 8:9; Josh 3:13). Also “handful” (of meal, II Kgs 17:12).1
1 Gleason L. Archer, “1022 כפף,” ed. R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke, Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (Chicago: Moody Press, 1999), 452.
רְמִיָּ֑ה
I רְמִיָּה‎: slackness, looseness Pr 12:27; qešet remiyyâ slack, loose bow Ho 7:16; Ps 78:57, yad/kaf remiyyâ slack, lazy hand Pr 12:24; 10:4; nefeš remiyyâ lazy creature 19:15; adv.: ʿāśâ remiyyâ manage lazily Je 48:10. †1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 340.
וְיַ֖ד conj _ nms and industry
חָרוּצִ֣ים
absolute industry/productivity VI חָרוּץ‎: pl. חֲרוּצִים‎, חֲרֻצִים‎: industrious, diligent Pr 10:4; 12:24, 27; 13:4; 21:5. †1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 116.
תַּעֲשִֽׁיר׃
  : qal: pf. עָשַׁרְתִּי‎; impf. יֶעְשַׁר‎: become rich Ho 12:9; Jb 15:29. †
hif.: pf. הֶעֱשַׁרְתִּי‎; impf. יַעֲשִׁר‎, תַּעֲשִׁיר‎, וַאעְשִׁר‎ Zc 11:5, וַיַּעֲשִׁירוּ‎, תַּעְשְׁרֶנָּה‎ Ps 65:10, יַעְשְׁרֶנּוּ‎ 1 S 17:25; pt. מַעֲשִׁיר‎:—1. make s.one rich Gn 14:23;—2. abs. gain riches Je 5:27.1
1 William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 286.
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