What Does the Bible Say About Sin?
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Handout
What is Sin?
What is Sin?
Ḥāṭā' or khaw-taw'
To miss a goal or way.
Hamartanō or ham-ar-tan'-o
Fall short, error, deficiency, fault, transgression, rebellion, and revolt.
Definitions
Human activity that is contrary to God’s will.
Deviation from a divinely revealed will. It is the source of evil, corruption, and death, and is what humanity and all of creation must be saved from, according to the Scriptures.
The reality signifying the broken relationship between God and humanity. The occasions by which this relationship breaks, the need to recognize this rupture, and the avenues for salvation are detailed in endless situations throughout the Scriptures.
Old Testament
Old Testament
Sin is the revolt against the holiness and sovereign will of God. Therefore, it is both a condition of the heart/mind/will/affections and the practical outworking of that condition in thoughts, word, and deeds, that offend God and transgress His Holy Law.
Isaiah 29:13 (NASB95)
Then the Lord said, “Because this people draw near with their words And honor Me with their lip service,
But they remove their hearts far from Me, And their reverence for Me consists of tradition learned by rote,
Jeremiah 17:9 (NASB95)
“The heart is more deceitful than all else And is desperately sick; Who can understand it?
1. What does Sin reveal about God?
God is separate; there is no one like Him; He is sovereign; righteous; just; and true - His order, organization and nature are considered to be holy.
The earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters.
Formless: from an unused root meaning to lie waste; a desolation (of surface), i.e. desert; figuratively, a worthless thing; adverbially, in vain:—confusion, empty place, without form, nothing, (thing of) nought, vain, vanity, waste, wilderness.
Void: from an unused root (meaning to be empty); a vacuity, i.e. (superficially) an undistinguishable ruin:—emptiness, void.
Darkness: the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness:—dark(-ness), night, obscurity.
God saw that the light was good; and God separated the light from the darkness.
God said “it was good” at least 6 times - implying His holiness - He created things according to His nature, and with His nature. Man was made perfect and in a perfect society - sin free.
So what happened?
Genesis 3:6–8 (NASB95)
When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loin coverings. They heard the sound of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God among the trees of the garden.
Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s will, for their own. They realized the holiness of God after their life changing mistake. However, it was too late and the result was sin was passed down to all of mankind including us. We were and are born into sin.
2. What were the consequences of Adam and Eve’s sin? and can we experience them?
[God also punished Israels sin by exile, and through other nations taking them into captivity.]
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper,
being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips,
slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,
without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful;
and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also give hearty approval to those who practice them.
After Adam and Eve sinned God in His grace did something for them and what He did implied the need for sin to be made right.
What did God do?
The Lord God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife, and clothed them.
He sacrificed. Although God sacrificed and animal to cover up the nakedness and shame [sin] of Adam and Eve; mankind continued to sin and become more evil.
As we move through the Old Testament we note that man still sins - God has revealed Himself to Noah and all his decendents and they still sin. God’s chosen people the nation of Israel highlights sin and disobedience against God. So God institues the ten commandments through Moses; and the nation has a scarifical system.
3. What was the purpose of the Ten Commandments? and How does faith play a role in fulfilling the Ten Commandements?
Remeber what Adam and Eve realized? God’s Holiness.
The Ten Commandments highlights sin by showing God’s Holiness and our need for faith and dependence in Him.
Romans 8:3–4 (NASB95)
For what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, so that the requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.
4. What was the purpose of the Sacrifical System?
The reality of sin and the need for Confession and Atonement are cleary seen by the sacrifices offered to God in the temple.
Leviticus 6:24–30 (NASB95)
Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, ‘This is the law of the sin offering: in the place where the burnt offering is slain the sin offering shall be slain before the Lord; it is most holy. ‘The priest who offers it for sin shall eat it. It shall be eaten in a holy place, in the court of the tent of meeting. ‘Anyone who touches its flesh will become consecrated; and when any of its blood splashes on a garment, in a holy place you shall wash what was splashed on. ‘Also the earthenware vessel in which it was boiled shall be broken; and if it was boiled in a bronze vessel, then it shall be scoured and rinsed in water. ‘Every male among the priests may eat of it; it is most holy. ‘But no sin offering of which any of the blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place shall be eaten; it shall be burned with fire.
The reality is God planned the ultimate sacrifice!
Isaiah 53:10 (NASB95)
But the Lord was pleased To crush Him, putting Him to grief; If He would render Himself as a guilt offering,
He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, And the good pleasure of the Lord will prosper in His hand.
New Testament
New Testament
In the New Testament we see the fulfillment of the prophecy of the Messiah - The life of Christ affirms the nesscity of sin.
5. What did Jesus come to do?
“She will bear a Son; and you shall call His name Jesus, for He will save His people from their sins.”
The next day he saw Jesus coming to him and said, “Behold, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!
For what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh,
6. What are some of the things Christ told us about sin?
And He was saying, “That which proceeds out of the man, that is what defiles the man.
“For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed the evil thoughts, fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries,
deeds of coveting and wickedness, as well as deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride and foolishness.
“All these evil things proceed from within and defile the man.”
“Beware of the false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly are ravenous wolves.
“You will know them by their fruits. Grapes are not gathered from thorn bushes nor figs from thistles, are they?
“So every good tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears bad fruit.
Sin is more than keeping the Law - it is the rejection of God, and the Messiah. Example - Pharisee’s
7. How do we keep from sinning?
Faith
Faith in Christ results in
Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,
Justification - we have viewed as innocent by God.
Reconcilation - semi restored relationship with God - we have access to Him and are not considered an enemy of God.
Forgiveness - God has forgiven our sins through the blood of Christ
For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.
For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, “But the righteous man shall live by faith.”
8. Why did Christ die for sinners?