Sabbath in NT

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The NT develops the OT teaching on the Sabbath in three important directions. It declares that the Sabbath should not be observed in a legalistic manner; the Sabbath-rest is treated as an important symbol of the Christian doctrine of salvation; and finally, the NT itself indicates how Sunday, rather than Saturday, came to be seen as the Christian Sabbath.

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Gospel incidents connected with the Sabbath

Exorcism

Mark 1:21–25 NASB95
They went into Capernaum; and immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and began to teach. They were amazed at His teaching; for He was teaching them as one having authority, and not as the scribes. Just then there was a man in their synagogue with an unclean spirit; and he cried out, saying, “What business do we have with each other, Jesus of Nazareth? Have You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One of God!” And Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be quiet, and come out of him!”

Healing

Mt 12:9–14; Mk 1:30–31; Lk 13:10–17; Lk 14:1–6; Jn 5:5–18; Jn 9:1–16

Teaching

Mk 6:2; Lk 4:16

Other references

Mt 28:1; Lk 23:55–56; Jn 12:2

Jesus Christ’s teaching regarding the Sabbath

Jesus Christ observes the Sabbath regulation

Luke 4:16 NASB95
And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and as was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath, and stood up to read.
See also Mt 24:20; Ac 1:12

Human well-being is more important than rigid observance of the Law

See also Mt 12:3

Ceremonial observance must give way before any higher, or more spiritual, motive

Matthew 12:5–6 NASB95
“Or have you not read in the Law, that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple break the Sabbath and are innocent? “But I say to you that something greater than the temple is here.
See also Lk 6:5

Sabbath reading of Scripture provided an opportunity for reaching the Jews

Acts 17:2 NASB95
And according to Paul’s custom, he went to them, and for three Sabbaths reasoned with them from the Scriptures,
See also Ac 13:14; Ac 13:27; Ac 13:42; Ac 13:44; Ac 15:21; Ac 16:13; Ac 18:4

Sabbath observance was optional for Gentile Christians

Colossians 2:16 NASB95
Therefore no one is to act as your judge in regard to food or drink or in respect to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath day—

The Lord’s Day

Re 1:10 At an early stage the Sabbath was replaced by Sunday (the first day of the week) as the day for rest and worship.
See also Jn 20:19; Jn 20:26; Ac 20:7; 1 Co 16:2

The Sabbath-rest is seen as a symbol of the salvation of the people of God

Heb 4:1 The OT promise of rest was unfulfilled, on account of Israel’s disobedience; Heb 3:18–19; Heb 4:9 The OT promise of rest remains open.
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