Pressing On
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Paul’s Desire to Fulfill His Call (3:12–14)
3:12–13a Twice, in similar terms, Paul expressed his imperfection. The first expression presents this in three ways (v. 12), and the second expression summarizes the three ways into one (v. 13). The three are: “Not that I have already obtained,” “have already been made perfect,” and “I press on.” The basic question is, What did Paul lack and, therefore, seek? Three times the word root for “received” occurs (3:12; lambanō; katalambanō, twice). The word is ambiguous, and no object occurs with it.
Forgetting
3:13b–14 The content of Paul’s goal is given. Repeating the word “press on” of v. 12, Paul employed athletic imagery to make his point. Since the Greek athletic games captured the imagination of all of the peninsula, Macedonia included, it spoke vividly to the readers.47 The manner of attainment is explained by two participles. First, “forgetting what is behind” comprehensively expresses Paul’s future orientation. What was done was done! Both the nostalgia of the former life and the “good ole days” of his Christian life would paralyze him in terms of what God wanted in the future. Every day was a new adventure. Second, he was “straining toward what is ahead.” This word continues the athletic metaphor. It is particularly graphic, bringing to mind the straining muscles, clear focus, and complete dedication of the runner in his race to the prize. Both mental and physical discipline were necessary
Pressing
What did Paul hope to attain? In these verses two phrases suggest an answer: “have already been made perfect” and “Christ Jesus took hold of me.” “Have already been made perfect” (teteleiōmai) occurs only here in the Pauline corpus. It contrasts with the verb “obtained.” Through his past experiences (“obtained,” aorist tense), Paul had not yet achieved completion (katalambanō, perfect tense). The question is whether Paul referred to a perfect knowledge or experience. Was his call to a complete knowledge of Christ or to a complete identification with him in character?
The context has a bearing on the problem (3:9–11). Those who understand Paul’s desire in the mental sense, to know Christ completely, point out that the primary verb in these verses is “that I may know him” (see 3:10). That knowledge, then, involved knowing Christ’s power and suffering. Because that knowledge was related closely to experience, clearly he wanted to know in his experience the full implications of his union with Christ. However, the text seems to argue against that understanding.
Those who understand Paul’s desire in the experiential sense point out that the object of the verb “obtained” is “the resurrection from the dead” of 3:11. It seems best, therefore, to understand Paul as saying he had not completed the experiential process begun in his salvation. He looked forward to the resurrection from the dead and, secondarily, to the process of conformity to death which would bring it forth