Grave Clothes
Intro
Scripture
The rabbis believed that the soul lingered near the grave for three days, hoping to re-enter the body, but as decomposition became evident, the soul would depart (Leviticus Rabbah 18:1; Ecclesiastes Rabbah 12:6). In the oral law, if a body needed to be identified, it had to happen within three days (so Michaels; note cautions in Keener). Thus, this would be an especially dramatic raising from the dead.
Martha’s statement to Jesus (“Lord, if only you had been here, my brother would not have died,” 11:21) may sound like a rebuke, but she would have known that Lazarus died shortly after the messengers had been sent. It probably represents her sorrow and sincere belief that Jesus could have done something if only he had been there
Jesus’ challenge (“Do you believe this, Martha?”) was an invitation that went beyond raising Lazarus from the dead. He asked Martha to believe in the power that not only can raise the dead but also can give eternal life. The raising of Lazarus was in this sense a prophetic action (like those performed by Jeremiah or Ezekiel) signifying the new life that God, in Jesus, offers to anyone who believes (cf. 6:35–44).
Jesus was overcome with the scene and its futility, with the terrible specter of death hanging over God’s people and the fact that the mourners were overcome with it rather than trusting in the one who is life itself. This is a critical message for us all. Christ has overcome death, and we need to live in light of that fact.
Jesus knew he was about to raise Lazarus from the dead, and he still wept, undoubtedly for the same reason—that his loved ones and followers still had to suffer the horrible pangs of death.
He wanted them to know that everything he did only happened because he was completely dependent on the Father (5:19, 30; 7:16, 28; 8:16, 29, 42
Jesus lives in constant prayer and communication with the Father. When he engages in vocal prayer, he is not entering, as we do, from a state of non-praying into prayer. He is only giving overt expression to what is the ground and base of his life all along.
The Jews buried their dead by placing the corpse on a long wide cloth with the feet at one end. Then the cloth would be drawn over the head to cover the body, where it would be tied together at the ankles, with the arms secured to the body with linen strips and the face bound with a headcloth over the face to hide its discoloration (so Sanders, Beasley-Murray). Needless to say, Lazarus could do little but shuffle to the opening, so Jesus said, “Unwrap him and let him go!” (11:44
The crowd retreat, surprise, wonder, terror seated on every face; the boldest recoiling from that awful form which comes shuffling out of the grave. This Man of tears, so gentle, tender, easily moved, endued with a sensibility so delicate that the strings of His heart vibrated to the slightest touch, has by a word rent the tomb.
Note that they refrained from asking Jesus to come. They were well aware of the serious danger to him if he should come. Perhaps they hoped he would heal Lazarus at a distance, as he had the official’s son in 4:50–52