Hebrews Introduction

Hebrews - Jesus is Greater  •  Sermon  •  Submitted
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Introduction to the book of Hebrews

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Richard Phillips - Reformed Expository Commentary
Hebrews Chapter 1: God’s Final Word (Hebrews 1:1–2)

A scene from Jesus’ life and ministry wonderfully depicts what the Book of Hebrews is all about. Matthew 17 tells us that Jesus took his three closest disciples up onto the mount, where they saw him transfigured in glory, speaking with Moses and Elijah. Peter proposed building a tabernacle for the veneration of these three spiritual giants. But just then the Shekinah glory cloud enveloped them in brightness and the voice of God said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him” (Matt. 17:5). When the disciples rose from their terror, they did not see either Moses or Elijah, but they saw Jesus alone. A.W. Pink comments: “The glory associated with Moses and Elijah was so eclipsed by the infinitely greater glory connected with Christ, that they faded from view.”

This is what the Book of Hebrews is about—the supremacy of Christ, along with the sufficiency of his work and the necessity of faith in him for salvation.

Background Information

Author

Paul
Papyrus 46
200 AD
Hebrews between Romans and 1 Corinthians
Clement, Origen, Athanasius, John Chrysostom, Eusebius, and John Calvin
Luke
Clement
Barnabas
Tertullian of Carthage
Apollos
Martin Luther - Never before him
Silas
Wrote 1 Peter and Hebrews is stylistically similar - 1 Peter 5:12
1 Peter 5:12 ESV
12 By Silvanus, a faithful brother as I regard him, I have written briefly to you, exhorting and declaring that this is the true grace of God. Stand firm in it.
Origen - Only God knows
What we do know about the author
Hebrews 2:1–4 ESV
Therefore we must pay much closer attention to what we have heard, lest we drift away from it. For since the message declared by angels proved to be reliable, and every transgression or disobedience received a just retribution, how shall we escape if we neglect such a great salvation? It was declared at first by the Lord, and it was attested to us by those who heard, while God also bore witness by signs and wonders and various miracles and by gifts of the Holy Spirit distributed according to his will.
Hebrews 11:32 ESV
32 And what more shall I say? For time would fail me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, of David and Samuel and the prophets—

Date

Before 70 AD - Temple destroyed
1 Clement 96AD - Chapter 36

CHAP. XXXVI.—ALL BLESSINGS ARE GIVEN TO US THROUGH CHRIST.

This is the way, beloved, in which we find our Saviour, even Jesus Christ, the High Priest of all our offerings, the defender and helper of our infirmity. By Him we look up to the heights of heaven. By Him we behold, as in a glass, His immaculate and most excellent visage. By Him are the eyes of our hearts opened. By Him our foolish and darkened understanding blossoms19 up anew towards His marvellous light. By Him the Lord has willed that we should taste of immortal knowledge, “who, being the brightness of His majesty, is by so much greater than the angels, as He hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they.”2 For it is thus written, “Who maketh His angels spirits, and His ministers a flame of fire.” But concerning His Son4 the Lord spoke thus: “Thou art my Son, to-day have I begotten Thee. Ask of Me, and I will give Thee the heathen for Thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for Thy possession.” And again He saith to Him, “Sit Thou at My right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy footstool.”6 But who are His enemies? All the wicked, and those who set themselves to oppose the will of God.

Audience

Ethnic
Hebrew speaking Messianic Jews
Hellenistic Messianic Jews
Gentile Christians
Location
Jerusalem
Support found since at least the 4th century
Hebrews 13:24 ESV
24 Greet all your leaders and all the saints. Those who come from Italy send you greetings.
Objections - why write in elegant Greek and quote the Septuagint?
Rome/Italy
Proposed in mid-eighteenth century and gaining support
Hebrews 13:24 ESV
24 Greet all your leaders and all the saints. Those who come from Italy send you greetings.
1 Clement written to Corinth from Rome uses Hebrews in the epistle

Genre

Theological Treatise using rhetoric
Hebrews 1-10 - Jesus is superior
Sermon
Sermon tone appears starting halfway through chapter 10

Outline of Book

Exordium - Hebrews 1:1-4
Jesus is Greater than the Angels - Hebrews 1:5-2:18
Jesus is a Greater Rest - Hebrews 3:1-4:13
Jesus is Greater than Melchizedek - Hebrews 4:14-7:28
Jesus is the Greater Covenant - Hebrews 8:1-10:18
Assurance of Faith - Hebrews 10:19-12:29
Sermon’s End - Hebrews 13:1-25

Purpose of Hebrews

Christ, who has accomplished salvation through His atoning sacrifice, is greater than all things; therefore, persevere in true faith and encourage others to do likewise

Theology

Christology

Jesus is superior to the angels, Moses, Melchizedek, and is a greater high priest to a better covenant. He is the sacrifice once and for all and now sits at the right hand of the Father interceding for the elect.

Covenants

Hebrews notes promises God made in the past and reveals how the new covenant has arrived.
Kingdom of God - Covenants are the backbone
Creation
Genesis 1:26-28
Noahic
Genesis 6:18-20
Genesis 9:1-17
Abrahamic
Genesis 15
Genesis 17
Mosaic
Exodus 19-24
Deuteronomy
Davidic
2 Samuel 7
1 Chronicles 17
Psalm 89
New Covenant
Jeremiah 31:31–34 ESV
31 “Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares the Lord. 33 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34 And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

Ecclesiology

The gathering of the saints, a command, is essential for mutual encouragement and exhortation. Like Israel, the church is wandering through this earthly wilderness and needs one other as they hold fast to their faith.

Quotes on the book of Hebrews

Leland Ryken

The book of Hebrews can be helpfully linked with the book of Romans. While both books exhibit epistolary features, the content is mainly that of a theological treatise. This does not mean that these books are not epistles, though, because modern scholarship has added the genre of letter essay to the repertoire of available letter forms in the classical world to which the book belongs. Like Romans, Hebrews is a difficult book not only because it pursues a continuous and intricate theological argument, but also because the author makes use of forms of argumentation and proof that seem baffling today. There is one more common thread that encompasses Romans and Hebrews: both are written in an exalted style that carries us along with the magnificence of thought and style. A difference between Romans and Hebrews is that whereas we know that the former was written by Paul, the author of Hebrews is unknown.

Kent Hughes - Preaching the Word

C. S. Lewis memorably portrayed the growing Christian’s experience of an ever-enlarging Christ in his Chronicles of Narnia. Lucy, caught up in her spiritual quest, saw the lion Aslan—Christ—shining white and huge in the moonlight. In a burst of emotion Lucy rushed to him, burying her face in the rich silkiness of his mane, whereupon the great beast rolled over on his side so that Lucy fell, half-sitting and half-lying between his front paws. He bent forward and touched her nose with his tongue. His warm breath was all around her. She gazed up into the large, wise face.

“Welcome, child,” he said.

“Aslan,” said Lucy, “you’re bigger.”

“That is because you are older, little one,” answered he.

“Not because you are?”

“I am not. But every year you grow, you will find me bigger.”

Expanding souls encounter an expanding Christ! And this is why I am particularly enthused about these study volumes on the book of Hebrews, for that epistle has a double dose of growth-producing power—first, because it presents the greatness of Christ as no other New Testament writing does, and, second, because it repeatedly demands a response from the reader. Seriously considered, Hebrews will make us grow and find a bigger Christ.

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