Sermon Tone Analysis

Introduction

Quote

ESV Expository Commentary

The mention of “salvation” (Heb.

1:14; 2:3) calls for elaboration.

Salvation includes rescue from the Devil—from his power to inflict death and from the enslaving fear of death (2:14–15).

But salvation also encompasses a destiny of glory and dominion for human beings.

The eternal divine Son humbled himself to become the incarnate messianic Son in order to redeem his “brothers.”

Our preacher views Psalm 8:4–6 not as a retrospective on a past paradise lost but as a preview of a paradise to come.

The psalm traces the course of human history from the present (in which humans are lower than angels) to the future (in which everything will be subjected to humanity).

The present does not yet show all other creatures in submission to humans, who bear the divine image (Gen.

1:26–28).

Although humanity’s royal destiny is not yet visible, one man has traveled the painful route from lowliness to exalted glory.

His name is Jesus, and his coronation is his reward for suffering death on behalf of others.

Scripture

Outline

Hebrews 1:1-4 - God has Spoken

Hebrews 1:1-2a - God Spoke

Hebrews 1:1 - Through the Prophets

Hebrews 1:2a - Through His Son

Hebrews 1:2b - The Son Appointed

Hebrews 1:2c - The Son is Creator

Hebrews 1:3a - The Nature of the Son

Hebrews 1:3b - The Power of the Son

Hebrews 1:3c - The Work of the Son

Hebrews 1:3d-4 - The Position of the Son

Hebrews 1:5-14 - The Son is Superior to the Angels

Hebrews 1:5-9 - The Son - Appointed Heir

Hebrews 1:10 - The Son - Creator

Hebrews 1:11-12 - The Son - Divine Nature

Hebrews 1:13 - The Son - Messianic Position

Hebrews 1:14 - The Angels - Servants of the Elect

Hebrews 2:1-4 - A Warning

Hebrews 2:1a - Pay Attention

Hebrews 2:1b - Failure to Pay Attention

Hebrews 2:2-3a - Escaping Retribution

Hebrews 2:3b - Salvation Declared

Hebrews 2:4 - God Bore Witness

Hebrews 2:5-9 - Lowliness to Crowning Glory

Hebrews 2:5 - The Coming World not Subjected to Angels

Hebrews 2:6-8 - Everything Subjected to the Son of Man

Hebrews 2:9 - Jesus Crowned with Glory

Purpose of Book

Christ, who has accomplished salvation through His atoning sacrifice, is greater than all things; therefore, persevere in true faith and encourage others to do likewise

Main Point

God puts everything under humanity’s control in the future because of the Son’s Messianic Work

Hebrews 2:5 - The Coming World not Subjected to Angels

For it was not to the angels

That God subjected the world to come,

God

Subjected

① to cause to be in a submissive relationship, to subject, to subordinate

World to come - futuristic describing the time when all of God’s salvific purposes/promises will be fulfilled

Of which we are speaking.

Though speaking of a future event, it is important to remember that the last days have been inaugurated

Hebrews 2:6-8 - Everything Subjected to the Son of Man

It has been testified somewhere,

Testified

① to make a solemn declaration about the truth of someth.

Psalm 8:4-6 Quote

Place in the Psalms

Psalm 1-2 - God will raise up a Messiah who will protect those who take refuge in Him

Psalm 3-7 - The world is filled with enemies and wicked people

Psalm 8 - The world as originally created

Psalm 9-14 - The poor are the ones whom God chose to rule the world

Purpose of Psalm 8

Celebrate the unique position of mankind within the created order - creation hymn

Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament - Beale & Carson

E. How Ps. 8:5–7 Is Understood and Used at Heb. 2:5–9.

In 2:5–9 the use of Ps. 8 suggests that the divine commission of Adam as king over God’s creation ultimately has been fulfilled in Christ, the eschatological last Adam.

Christ, in his solidarity with humanity (2:10–18), had been for a little while lower than the angels but now has been crowned with glory and honor as a result of his suffering.

Son of man referring to Jesus or humanity or both?

Jesus

Psalm 8 + Psalm 110 in Hebrews 1:13

Humanity

2:1 Ezekiel is never addressed by name, but 93 times as son of man (Hb.

ben-’adam), out of a total of 99 times for the phrase in the OT; Daniel is the only other person so addressed in the OT (Dan.

8:17).

The Hebrew idiom “son of x” indicates membership in a class.

“Son of man” identifies Ezekiel as a creature before the supreme creator.

This highlights the humanity and thus the proper humility and dignity of the servant before Israel’s almighty, transcendent God.

Hebrews 1:14 - Those who inherit salvation

Hebrews 2:10 - Many sons brought to glory through Jesus’ suffering

Both

ESV Expository Commentary

A third alternative, which builds a bridge between the messianic and anthropological perspectives, is based on the observation that Psalm 8 shares vocabulary appearing in preceding and following psalms (e.g., the Lord’s name, the earth, foes, enemies, heavens).

These connections embed this psalm in a context that opens the biblical Psalter by identifying the blessed man with the anointed Davidic Messiah, the Lord’s Son (Psalms 1–2).

Psalm 2:7, we recall, was the first OT passage that our author cited to establish the Son’s superiority to the angels (Heb.

1:5).

In view of Psalm 8’s undeniable allusion to the universal dominion entrusted to Adam and Eve in Genesis 1:28, it is reasonable to believe that David, the royal speaker of Psalm 8, portrayed his reign as a step toward the remedy of Adam’s failed kingship in the garden.

Our preacher would then be building on David’s Adamic-Messianic trajectory, showing its destination in Jesus.

Mankind’s God-given dominion over creation is ultimately fulfilled in the messianic work of the Son

Genesis 1-2

Genesis 3

What is man, that you are mindful of him, or the son of man, that you care for him?

Mindful

③ give careful consideration to

Son of Man - Humanity

93x in Ezekiel

Numbers, Job, Psalm, Isaiah, Jeremiah

Care

③ to exercise oversight in behalf of, look after, make an appearance to help, of divine oversight

You made him for a little while lower than the angels;