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Page 1 of 5
J.C. Andrews
Why These Books?:
How We Got The Canon Of Scripture
Connecting the Dots Series
11/3/21
Connecting the Dots:
1.) God reveals himself through General Revelation (namely creation and history) and
Special Revelation (namely prophecy, Scripture, and the incarnation).
2.) If God has revealed himself in Scripture, then Scripture is inspired or “God-breathed.”
3.) If the Bible is inspired by a perfect God, then it too must be perfect, inerrant, and
infallible.
4.) If God has created such a work (inspired, inerrant, infallible) then there must be a limited
and discernable scope to it, unified in purpose and content.1
What is Canonicity?
Κανών, “Kanon”: (1) a reed, (2) a rule, standard, (3) a list
“…biblical canonicity [is defined] as a document’s having characteristics that
evidence its being composed under divine inspiration.”2
John S. Feinberg
What does the Bible say about Canonicity and Preservation of the Scriptures?
•
___________ _________ God’s words was God’s idea (Exodus 32:16; 34:1, 27)
•
____________ God’s words was God’s idea (Deuteronomy 31:24-26; Joshua 24:26)
“The implications of scriptural inspiration for the discipline of biblical theology are legion.
To begin
with, if all Scripture is breathed out by God, then Scripture cannot be an anthology of human literature, nor can it
be a mere collection of human religious experience about God.
Rather, the whole of Scripture stands united by a
single and primary author: God.
Rather than a collection of man’s highest thoughts about God, the Christian
Scripture is God’s self-communication to humanity about who his and what he has done to redeem the lost race in
Adam.
Inspiration guarantees that the canon’s many stories tell one story; there is a single story to be told because
there is a single divine author, who has declared himself to be the architect and creator.”
(Barrett, 2).
1
2
Feinberg, 469.
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•
J.C. Andrews
God has _____________ the recording and preservation of His word throughout the
history of His people (Isaiah 8:1; Jeremiah 36:2)
•
God __________ the apostles to recall the teachings of Jesus and record them through the
power of the Holy Spirit (John 14:26; 15:26; 16:13).
•
The preservation and circulation of the letters of Paul speaks to the _______ ________
of them (1 Corinthians 14:37; Colossians 4:16; 1 Thessalonians 5:27; 2 Peter 3:15-16).
•
There are approximately 682 claims of divine authority in the Pentateuch, 1,307 claims of
divine authority in the prophets, 418 claims of divine authority in the histories, and 195
claims in the poetry.3
The New Testament likewise speaks to its divine authority.
How Did We Get Our Collective Bible?
Two Premises:
1.
The Church __________, God __________(Catholic Position)
2. God __________, The Church ___________ (Protestant Position)4
Old Testament Canon Process:
•
Over time the Jewish Canon was accepted, in three general sections:
o The Law
o The Prophets
o The Writings
•
Jesus recognized the Jewish _______ of _________ (our present protestant Old
Testament) - Luke 11:49-51; 24:44
•
See pages 1-2 of Info Packet for more
New Testament Canon Process:
3
Byers, 38.
“The only human role in the making of the canon was recognizing and receiving texts that God had
already established.
And so, the question isn’t, ‘Who created the canon?’
The correct question is, ‘How and when
did God’s people recognize the texts that God had already established as authoritative?’” ( Jones, 52).
4
Page 3 of 5
•
J.C. Andrews
Over the first four centuries, the church universal affirmed which books were in the
official canon of inspired Scripture.
•
The apostles recognized various works of the apostles as Scripture (2 Peter 3:14-16)
•
The early church affirmed the canon of Scripture
o 1 Corinthians referred to in 1 Clement 47, as well as Paul’s letter to the Romans
(1st Century)
o Sayings of Jesus from the gospels are referenced in 2 Clement (1st Century)
o The Muratorian Fragment (circa 180 AD) included a canon list which had 22 of
our 27 books listed.
(Missing: Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter, either 2nd or 3rd
John).
•
Measures of _______________
o Does it bear the marks of _____________?
o Was it written by or under the authority of an __________?
▪
Examples of books that did not match this: 1 & 2 Clement5 and the
Didache6
o Is the book __________ consistent and __________ consistent with other books?
▪
Example of a book that did not match this: The Shepherd of Hermas.
o Was it accepted and used by the ________?
•
See pages 3-5 of Info Packet for more
“The Canon of Scripture…is the list of writing delivered to us as the divinely
inspired record of God’s self-revelation to men—that self-revelation of which
Jesus Christ our Lord is the centre.”
F.F. Bruce
So…What about…
5
Clement of Rome, later named the Bishop of Rome, wrote his first letter to the church in Corinth in the
late 1 century (likely the 90s AD).
His second letter is formatted more like a sermon.
Clement at no point claims
apostolic authority, while recognizing the inspired authority of the letters of Paul and the gospels including the
words of Jesus.
st
6
The Didache or The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (About 70 AD) gives guidelines for order within the
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