Sermon Tone Analysis
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The Year is AD 70.
Titus a Roman general and his legions have defeated the Hebrews.
The Romans are winners once again.
the Hero returns home. .
“This war deserved a celebration.
Romans loved seeing the Triumph, where the victorious Roman army marched in the city to show off the loot and captives.
Now Titus could parade the city with his soldiers and his spoils of war, to show the fellow Romans how valiant he had been, and how successful this war was.
To have a triumph granted by the Roman Senate, all he needed was to face 5,000 enemies of a foreign nation; he captured 50,000.
Even more importantly, this war protected the honor of the Empire; this war ensured the supremecy of Roman power.
If this would not get him a Triumph, nothing would.
Of course, the Triumph of Titus was one of the greatest triumphs ever held.”
https://depts.washington.edu/hrome/Authors/zihengxu/TheRomanTriumphofTitus/pub_zbarticle_view_printable.html
“Roman Senators, spoils of war (including the Menorah) and captured Jewish generals lead the parade; but that was but a minor part of what the citizens of Rome came for.
They came out to cheer for their valiant sons and brothers, the shining future of the empire.
"Here comes Titus the Imperator!"
(Victorious general, HERO!) Citizens cried out as the great man's chariot finally appeared from Campus Martius.
Clothed in toga made of purple silk, crowned with wreath embroidered in laurel, proudly, there rode Titus, the pride of Rome!
The smile!
The gestures!
Citizens cried to cheer for him!
"io triumph", "Io Triumph"!
Welcome back!
Valiant sons of Rome!”
“The appearance of Titus and his soldiers marked the peak of the parade.
Musicians blew their horns, dancers showed their moves, commoners cheered and yelled, and children chased after the chariots: this procession absorbed everyone; everyone loved this celebration.”
“The Temple of Jupiter lay in front of the procession.
Here the procession marched into a complete stop, and Titus offered two giant white bulls to Jupiter, thanking the God for watching over Rome.”
“In this canvas, the artist shows Titus returning to Rome in triumph following his capture of Jerusalem in AD 70.
His father, Emperor Vespasian, clad in a white toga, leads the procession.
Titus comes next, holding the hand of his daughter, Julia, who turns to address her father's younger brother and successor, Domitian.
In the background is the Temple of Jupiter Victor.
Among the spoils from Jerusalem is a 7-branched candlestick from the temple.
Alma-Tadema depicted these events by drawing on classical sources, like the reliefs on of the Arch of Titus and on the latest 19th-century scholarship regarding everyday life in Rome.”
These Engravings (Fasti) were, it is believed, engraved in 18 BCE during the reign of Augustus, and may have been originally made to adorn the now-lost Arch of Augustus in the Forum.
This would have effectively communicated that Augustus was the greatest of all triumphators.
When awarded a triumph, the victorious general would don a special toga (toga picta) and lead a dazzling procession through Rome.
He would enter the city through the Porta Triumphalis, likely located on the Campus Martius.
He would then process around the city and through the Forum, before heading up to the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill.
There, sacrifices were made to the Roman’s chief deity in thanks.
Romulus for whom Rome is named was the first conquering leader for that people.
After his victory over Antony at Actuim, Augustus Caesar came back to Rome in triumph.
Among the huge crowd who greeted him was a man who had a bird that he had taught to say, “Hail, Caesar victorious!” Caesar was impressed and bought the bird for a large sum.
Then someone got Caesar aside and whispered to him that the man had another bird that was just as talented.
The man was summoned and Caesar asked for a demonstration of what the other bird could do.
The man demurred, but Caesar insisted.
When the bird was produced it said, “Hail, Antony victorious!”
Paul sees Jesus as the conquering Hero in this chapter.
Jesus defeated sin, death, and Hell and then He ascended into Heaven and showered His people with several gifts.
Theme of chapter 4 is: “In Christ, We are United.”
Unity and Diversity.
UNITY is the theme of verses 1-6 and then DIVERSITY is the theme of 7-16.
Being united is a beautiful thing.
Being diverse is a beautiful thing.
Differences can make anybody and any group Stronger and more effective.
David wrote Psalm 68.
He knew about victory parades.
The words in Hebrew are probably a concise expression for “thou hast taken spoil which thou mayest distribute as gifts to men.” Eph.
4:8 agrees exactly with the sense, though not with the words, of the Psalm.
David was a Hero.
People celebrated him.
Jesus Won the battle for LIFE in Order To Give LIFE To Others.
The Bible Exposition Commentary (Chapter Eight: Let’s Walk Together (Ephesians 4:1–16))
The picture here is of a military conqueror leading his captives and sharing the spoil with his followers.
Only in this case, the “captives” are not His enemies, but His own.
Sinners who once were held captives by sin and Satan have now been taken captive by Christ.
Even death itself is a defeated foe!
Ryrie Study Bible Expanded Edition: New American Standard Bible, 1995 Update (Ephesians 4)
HE LED CAPTIVE A HOST OF CAPTIVES… Christ conquered Satan and all that had conquered us.
Paul said in the first verse of this chapter, I am captivated, am a prisoner of Jesus Christ…
Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians & Colossians (B.
The Cultivation of Unity (vv.
7–16))
If there were any of his own soldiers whom the enemy had previously captured, the victorious king would bring them back and parade them before the home crowd.
These were often referred to as recaptured captives—prisoners who had been taken prisoner again by their own king and then given freedom.
It was a great honor to release these captives.
David pictures God ascending to heaven after having been victorious against his earthly enemies and freeing those who had been captive to the forces of evil.
The victory of Jesus is the lead story into the “HOW and WHY”: God gave us Spiritual Gifts.
What is the ascending and descending?
Jesus descended to the earth in the incarnation and into the earth when He died and was buried in the tomb!
The Wycliffe Bible Commentary: New Testament ( 2) The Gift of Christ.
4:7-12.)
Some take this to be a reference to the death of Christ and his so-called descent into Hades.
It seems more likely, however, that it is simply referring to his coming down from heaven.
He descended into the lower parts which consist of the earth—genitive of apposition (cf.
Jn 3:13).
10.
Far above all heavens.
Cf.
Heb 4:14.
By descending into the depths and ascending above all, He entered upon His function of filling the whole universe, in virtue of which function He distributes gifts to men.
Jesus Returned to Heaven the Hero, giving Gifts to His People.
He imparted the Holy Spirit to the Christian following His ascension.
You Can Be a Hero To Someone Today When Your Share the Gifts God Has Given You.
What did Jesus Give Us?
1.
He Gives Grace.
7
We may see a person as an alcoholic, a bum, and a human wreck destroyed by sin.
God sees not only what we are but what we may become by His forgiving grace.
We are saved by grace.
We serve God by grace.
We are sanctified by grace.
2.
He Gives Gifts.
11-14
“Every one of us” have received gifts by God’s grace.
(Verse 7).
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