Jude 14-19: Enoch's & the Apostles' Prophetic Judgment

Introduction

Scripture

Jude 14–19 ESV

14 It was also about these that Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied, saying, “Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of his holy ones, 15 to execute judgment on all and to convict all the ungodly of all their deeds of ungodliness that they have committed in such an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.” 16 These are grumblers, malcontents, following their own sinful desires; they are loud-mouthed boasters, showing favoritism to gain advantage. 17 But you must remember, beloved, the predictions of the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ. 18 They said to you, “In the last time there will be scoffers, following their own ungodly passions.” 19 It is these who cause divisions, worldly people, devoid of the Spirit.

Outline

Jude 1-4 - Greetings

Jude 1-2 - Introduction

Jude 3-4 - Purpose

Jude 5-7 - Past Rebellions

Jude 5 - Jesus as the Israelites in the Exodus

Jude 6 - Disobedient Angels

Jude 7 - The Example of Sodom & Gomorrah

Jude 8-13 - Condemning the Rebels

Jude 8 - Ungodly Dreamers

Jude 9 - Example of Michael

Jude 10-11 - Ungodly Blasphemers

Jude 12-13 - Descriptions of the Rebels

Jude 14-19 - Enoch’s & the Apostles’ Prophetic Judgments

Jude 14-15 - Enoch’s Prophecy of Judgment

Jude 16 - Reasons for Judgment

Jude 17-19 - The Apostles’ Prophecy of Apostates

Purpose of Jude

Encourage the body to contend for the faith and to address ungodly people who were perverting the Gospel/doctrine

Main Point

Prophecies from both Enoch and the Apostles reveal ungodly individuals will seek to infiltrate the faith. These false teachers, devoid of the Holy Spirit, will cause divisions.

Jude 14-15 - Enoch’s Prophecy of Judgment

Jude 14–15 ESV

14 It was also about these that Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied, saying, “Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of his holy ones, 15 to execute judgment on all and to convict all the ungodly of all their deeds of ungodliness that they have committed in such an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.”

It was these that Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied, saying

These

Jude 4 ESV

For certain people have crept in unnoticed who long ago were designated for this condemnation, ungodly people, who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality and deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.

Enoch, Seventh from Adam

Genesis 5:3–24 ESV

When Adam had lived 130 years, he fathered a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth. The days of Adam after he fathered Seth were 800 years; and he had other sons and daughters. Thus all the days that Adam lived were 930 years, and he died. When Seth had lived 105 years, he fathered Enosh. Seth lived after he fathered Enosh 807 years and had other sons and daughters. Thus all the days of Seth were 912 years, and he died. When Enosh had lived 90 years, he fathered Kenan. Enosh lived after he fathered Kenan 815 years and had other sons and daughters. Thus all the days of Enosh were 905 years, and he died. When Kenan had lived 70 years, he fathered Mahalalel. Kenan lived after he fathered Mahalalel 840 years and had other sons and daughters. Thus all the days of Kenan were 910 years, and he died. When Mahalalel had lived 65 years, he fathered Jared. Mahalalel lived after he fathered Jared 830 years and had other sons and daughters. Thus all the days of Mahalalel were 895 years, and he died. When Jared had lived 162 years, he fathered Enoch. Jared lived after he fathered Enoch 800 years and had other sons and daughters. Thus all the days of Jared were 962 years, and he died. When Enoch had lived 65 years, he fathered Methuselah. Enoch walked with God after he fathered Methuselah 300 years and had other sons and daughters. Thus all the days of Enoch were 365 years. Enoch walked with God, and he was not, for God took him.

Prophesied

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. προφητεύω

③ to foretell someth. that lies in the future, foretell, prophesy

Saying

The Lexham English Septuagint, Second Edition Chapter 1

9  For he comes with his ten thousands

and his holy ones to enact judgment against all.

He will destroy everyone who is ungodly

and reproach all flesh concerning all works of the ungodly:

the things they did impiously,

the harsh words that they spoke

and all that ungodly sinners spoke against him.

“Behold,

The Lord comes with ten thousands of his holy ones,

Holy ones - angels

To execute judgment on all

John 5:25–27 ESV

“Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming, and is now here, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself. And he has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man.

Acts 10:42 ESV

And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one appointed by God to be judge of the living and the dead.

Judgment

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. κρίσις

① legal process of judgment, judging, judgment

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. κρίσις

β. The word oft. means judgment that goes against a person

When will God executed judgment? Day of the LORD/Judgment

Interpreting the Prophetic Books: An Exegetical Handbook Day of the Lord

Day of the Lord. The time when God intervenes in the course of history to judge the wicked and rescue the righteous. It could refer to the day when God would destroy Jerusalem, or in other contexts to the final day when God will intervene at the end of time.

In the New Testament, this is when Jesus returns, defeats the wicked, and judges the unrighteous

And to convict all the ungodly of all their deeds of ungodliness that they have committed in such an ungodly way,

Convict

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἐλέγχω

② to bring a pers. to the point of recognizing wrongdoing,

Deeds of ungodliness

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἀσέβεια

deeds that are the product of distorted views of God

Ungodly way

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἀσεβέω

to violate the norms of a proper or professed relation to deity, act impiously

And of all the harsh things that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.”

Ungodly sinners

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἁμαρτωλός

the sinner, gener. w. focus on wrongdoing

Against

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. κατά

β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone

Jude 16 - Reasons for Judgment

Jude 16 ESV

16 These are grumblers, malcontents, following their own sinful desires; they are loud-mouthed boasters, showing favoritism to gain advantage.

These are grumblers, malcontents, following their own sinful desires;

Grumblers

The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek γογγυστής

γογγυστής -οῦ, ὁ γογγύζω murmurer, troublemaker

Malcontents

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. μεμψίμοιρος

the compound μέμφομαι ‘blame’ + μοῖρα ‘lot in life, fate’=complaining about one’s lot, discontented (w. γογγυστής) Jd 16 in a satirical comment about people who choose a deviant life style and then complain (with tongue in cheek?) that this is their ‘unfortunate fate’.

Following

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. πορεύω

② to conduct oneself, live, walk

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. πορεύω

according to the passions

Sinful desires

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἐπιθυμία

② a desire for someth. forbidden or simply inordinate, craving, lust

These are loud-mouthed boasters, showing favoritism to gain advantage.

These

Jude 4 ESV

For certain people have crept in unnoticed who long ago were designated for this condemnation, ungodly people, who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality and deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.

Loud-mouthed boasters

Bombastic

Favoritism

Showing partiality

Gain advantage

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ὠφέλεια

use, gain, advantage

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ὠφέλεια

for the sake of an advantage

Jude 17-19 - Apostle’s Prophesy of Apostates

Jude 17–19 ESV

17 But you must remember, beloved, the predictions of the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ. 18 They said to you, “In the last time there will be scoffers, following their own ungodly passions.” 19 It is these who cause divisions, worldly people, devoid of the Spirit.

But you must remember,

Contrast between the saints and the ungodly from verses 14-16

Remember

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. μιμνῄσκομαι

① to recall information from memory, remember, recollect, remind oneself

Command

Beloved,

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἀγαπητός

② pert. to one who is dearly loved, dear, beloved, prized, valued

The predictions of the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Apostles

Mark 3:16–19 ESV

He appointed the twelve: Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter); James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, Sons of Thunder); Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.

Lord Jesus Christ

Remember our conversation from week 1

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. II. κύριος

② one who is in a position of authority, lord, master

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. Χριστός

① fulfiller of Israelite expectation of a deliverer, the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ,

They said to you,

“In the last time there will be scoffers, following their own ungodly passions.”

2 Peter 3:3 ESV

knowing this first of all, that scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own sinful desires.

Last time

Scoffers

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἐμπαίκτης

mocker Jd 18

Following

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. πορεύω

② to conduct oneself, live, walk

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. πορεύω

according to the passions

Ungodly passions

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἀσέβεια

in general ἀσέβεια is understood vertically as a lack of reverence for deity and hallowed institutions as displayed in sacrilegious words and deeds: impiety;

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ἐπιθυμία

② a desire for someth. forbidden or simply inordinate, craving, lust

It is these who cause divisions, worldly people, devoid of the Spirit.

These

Jude 4 ESV

For certain people have crept in unnoticed who long ago were designated for this condemnation, ungodly people, who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality and deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.

Cause divisions

Worldly people

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. ψυχικός

β. Jd 19 calls the teachers of error ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly (lit. ‘psychic’) people, who do not have the Spirit, thereby taking over the terminology of gnostic (on ‘psychic’ and ‘pneumatic’ people in gnostic thinking s. AHilgenfeld, Die Ketzergeschichte des Urchristentums 1884, index) opponents, but applying to gnostics the epithets that they used of orthodox Christians.

Devoid of the Spirit

Application

The Lord executes His judgment on the Day of the Lord while simultaneously rescuing the righteous

Jude 14–15 ESV

It was also about these that Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied, saying, “Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of his holy ones, to execute judgment on all and to convict all the ungodly of all their deeds of ungodliness that they have committed in such an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.”

In the last days, the ungodly will cause divisions, but remember to endure to the end

Matthew 24:9–14 ESV

“Then they will deliver you up to tribulation and put you to death, and you will be hated by all nations for my name’s sake. And then many will fall away and betray one another and hate one another. And many false prophets will arise and lead many astray. And because lawlessness will be increased, the love of many will grow cold. But the one who endures to the end will be saved. And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.

Main Point

Prophecies from both Enoch and the Apostles reveal ungodly individuals will seek to infiltrate the faith. These false teachers, devoid of the Holy Spirit, will cause divisions.