Atonement in NT

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In dying for the sins of the world, Jesus Christ fulfilled and replaced the OT sacrificial system, so that all who believe in him are restored to fellowship with God. Christ is the true high priest, who finally liberates his people from the guilt of sin, by offering himself as the supreme sacrifice.

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The atoning purpose of Jesus Christ’s death

Jesus Christ’s death on behalf of others

John 10:11 NKJV

“I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd gives His life for the sheep.

See also Jn 10:14–18; 2 Co 5:15; Heb 2:9; 1 Jn 3:16

Jesus Christ’s atoning death for sin

1 Corinthians 15:3 NKJV

For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures,

See also Ro 4:25; Ro 8:3; Ga 1:4; 1 Pe 3:18

The atoning significance of Jesus Christ’s death is expressed by references to his blood

Ro 5:9; Re 5:9

See also Eph 2:13; 1 Pe 1:18–19; 1 Jn 1:7; Re 7:14

Jesus Christ’s atoning death is commemorated in the Lord’s Supper

1 Corinthians 11:23–25 NKJV

For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you: that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which He was betrayed took bread; and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, “Take, eat; this is My body which is broken for you; do this in remembrance of Me.” In the same manner He also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.”

Explanations of the atonement

Jesus Christ’s death as an atoning sacrifice

Romans 3:25 NKJV

whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood, through faith, to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed,

See also 1 Co 5:7; Eph 5:2; 1 Jn 4:10; Re 5:6

Jesus Christ’s atoning death as redemption

Mark 10:45 NKJV

For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many.”

See also Ac 20:28; Ga 3:13–14; Eph 1:7; Col 1:13–14

The atonement is effective because of Jesus Christ’s sinlessness

2 Corinthians 5:21 NKJV

For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

See also Heb 4:15; 1 Pe 2:22–24; 1 Jn 3:5

Jesus Christ’s death fulfils and replaces the Day of Atonement

Jesus Christ makes atonement as the new high priest

Hebrews 7:26–28 NKJV

For such a High Priest was fitting for us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and has become higher than the heavens; who does not need daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His own sins and then for the people’s, for this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. For the law appoints as high priests men who have weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever.

Jesus Christ is the mediator of the new and better covenant

Heb 8:6–7; Heb 9:15

Jesus Christ has made atonement in the true heavenly sanctuary

Heb 8:1–2; Heb 9:24

Jesus Christ’s atoning blood brings effective cleansing

Hebrews 9:12–14 NKJV

Not with the blood of goats and calves, but with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption. For if the blood of bulls and goats and the ashes of a heifer, sprinkling the unclean, sanctifies for the purifying of the flesh, how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?

Jesus Christ’s single sacrifice replaces the many required under the old covenant

Hebrews 10:11–14 NKJV

And every priest stands ministering daily and offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God, from that time waiting till His enemies are made His footstool. For by one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified.

Access to the heavenly sanctuary is now open

Hebrews 10:19–20 NKJV

Therefore, brethren, having boldness to enter the Holiest by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way which He consecrated for us, through the veil, that is, His flesh,

By dying with Christ, believers are released from this age into the life of the age to come

Romans 6:1–7 NKJV

What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? Certainly not! How shall we who died to sin live any longer in it? Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For he who has died has been freed from sin.

See also Ro 7:4–6; Ga 2:19–20; Ga 6:14; Eph 2:6–7; Col 2:11–13

God the Father and the atoning death of his Son

God’s sending of his Son to make atonement

1 John 4:14 NKJV

And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent the Son as Savior of the world.

See also Jn 3:16; Ro 8:32; 2 Co 5:18; Ga 4:4–5

God’s grace displayed in making atonement for the ungodly

Ephesians 2:4–5 NKJV

But God, who is rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us, even when we were dead in trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved),

See also Ro 5:6–8; Eph 2:8–9; Tt 3:4–5

The worldwide scope of Jesus Christ’s atoning death

1 John 2:2 NKJV

And He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world.

The appropriate response to the atonement

The response of repentance

Acts 3:19 NKJV

Repent therefore and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord,

The response of faith

Acts 10:43 NKJV

To Him all the prophets witness that, through His name, whoever believes in Him will receive remission of sins.”

See also Jn 3:14–15; Ac 16:31; Ro 3:22; Ga 2:16

The response of baptism

Acts 22:16 NKJV

And now why are you waiting? Arise and be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on the name of the Lord.’