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The Person of Christ
The biblical teaching about the person of Christ is the following: Jesus Christ was fully God and fully man in one person, and will be so forever.
Key Terms: Incarnation - Jesus’ assumption of human nature.
His becoming a human being in a specific time and place.
The Humanity of Christ: Virgin Birth
Jesus was born as a result of a miracle: Mary, Jesus’ mother, became pregnant without ever having sexual relations.
1.
It shows that salvation ultimately must come from the Lord.
Just as God had promised in the beginning.
The “seed” of the woman (Gen.
3:15) would ultimately destroy the serpent
So God through His own power made this happen, not through mere human effort.
The virgin birth should remind us that salvation can never come through human effort, but must be the work of God himself.
Look at (Gal.
4:4–5).
2. The virgin birth made possible the uniting of full deity and full humanity in one person.
This was the means God used to send his Son (John 3:16; Gal.
4:4) into the world as a man.
I cannot think of any other way to unite humanity and deity in one person.
3. The virgin birth also makes possible Christ’s true humanity without inherited sin.
As we noted in chapter 24, all human beings have inherited legal guilt and a corrupt moral nature from their first father, Adam (this is sometimes called “inherited sin” or “original sin”).
But the fact that Jesus did not have a human father means that the line of descent from Adam is partially interrupted.
Jesus did not descend from Adam in exactly the same way in which every other human being has descended from Adam.
And this helps us to understand why the legal guilt and moral corruption that belongs to all other human beings did not belong to Christ
Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan Pub.
House, 2004), 529–530.
The doctrine of Jesus’ birth is not primarily about Mary’s virginity and miraculous conception.
Though this miracle fulfilled a preordained prophecy (Isaiah 7:14), the reason it is essential has to do with God’s supernatural intervention.
The Humanity of Christ: Human Weaknesses and Limitations
Jesus Had a Human Body
Jesus got tired, he slept, he sweated, and he got hungry and thirsty.
Look at
Jesus Had a Human Mind
Jesus Had a Human Soul and Human Emotions
He demonstrated a full range of emotions.
People Near Jesus Saw Him as Only a Man.
Jesus was Tempted like all Humans
Christ was sinless or without sin
Key term: Docetism is the teaching that Jesus was not a man
Implications due to Christ’s Humanity
For Representative Obedience
As we noted in the chapter on the covenants between God and man above, Jesus was our representative and obeyed for us where Adam had failed and disobeyed.
We see this in the parallels between Jesus’ temptation (Luke 4:1–13) and the time of testing for Adam and Eve in the garden (Gen.
2:15–3:7).
It is also clearly reflected in Paul’s discussion of the parallels between Adam and Christ, in Adam’s disobedience and Christ’s obedience:
Then as one man’s trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one man’s act of righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all men.
For as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners, so by one man’s obedience many will be made righteous.
(Rom.
5:18–19)
This is why Paul can call Christ “the last Adam”
and Paul called Adam the “first man” and Christ the “second man”
Jesus had to be a man in order to be our representative and obey in our place.
To Be a Substitute Sacrifice
If Jesus had not been a man, he could not have died in our place and paid the penalty that was due to us.
The author of Hebrews tells us that
Jesus had to become a man, not an angel, because God was concerned with saving men, not with saving angels.
But to do this he “had to” be made like us in every way, so that he might become “the propitiation” for us, the sacrifice that is an acceptable substitute for us.
To Be the One Mediator Between God and Men
Because we were alienated from God by sin, we needed someone to come between God and ourselves and bring us back to him.
We needed a mediator who could represent us to God and who could represent God to us.
There is only one person who has ever fulfilled that requirement: “There is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus” (1 Tim.
2:5).
In order to fulfill this role of mediator, Jesus had to be fully man as well as fully God.
To Fulfill God’s Original Purpose for Man to Rule Over Creation
As we saw in the discussion of the purpose for which God created man, God put mankind on the earth to subdue it and rule over it as God’s representatives.
But man did not fulfill that purpose, for he instead fell into sin.
The author of Hebrews realizes that God intended everything to be in subjection to man, but he admits, “As it is, we do not yet see everything in subjection to him” (Heb.
2:8).
Then when Jesus came as a man, he was able to obey God and thereby have the right to rule over creation as a man thus fulfilling God’s original purpose in putting man on the earth.
Hebrews recognizes this when it says that now “we see Jesus” in the place of authority over the universe, “crowned with glory and honor” (Heb.
2:9; cf. the same phrase in v. 7).
Jesus in fact has been given “all authority in heaven and on earth” (Matt.
28:18), and God has “put all things under his feet and has made him the head over all things for the church” (Eph.
1:22).
Indeed, we shall someday reign with him on his throne (Rev.
3:21) and experience, in subjection to Christ our Lord, the fulfillment of God’s purpose that we reign over the earth (cf.
Luke 19:17, 19; 1 Cor.
6:3).
Jesus had to be a man in order to fulfill God’s original purpose that man rule over his creation.
To Be Our Example and Pattern in Life
John tells us, “He who says he abides in him ought to walk in the same way in which he walked” (1 John 2:6),
and reminds us that “when he appears we shall be like him,” and that this hope of future conformity to Christ’s character even now gives increasing moral purity to our lives (1 John 3:2–3).
Paul tells us that we are
continually being “changed into his likeness” (2 Cor.
3:18),
thus moving toward the goal for which God saved us, that we might “be conformed to the image of his Son” (Rom.
8:29).
Peter tells us that especially in suffering we have to consider Christ’s example: “Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example that you should follow in his steps” (1 Peter 2:21).
Throughout our Christian life, we are to run the race set before us “looking to Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith” (Heb.
12:2).
If we become discouraged by the hostility and opposition of sinners, we are to “consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself” (Heb.
12:3).
Jesus is also our example in death.
Paul’s goal is to become “like him in his death” (Phil.
3:10; cf.
Acts 7:60; 1 Peter 3:17–18 with 4:1).
Our goal should be to be like Christ all our days, up to the point of death, and to die with unfailing obedience to God, with strong trust in him, and with love and forgiveness to others.
Jesus had to become a man like us in order to live as our example and pattern in life.
To Be the Pattern for Our Redeemed Bodies
Paul tells us that when Jesus rose from the dead he rose in a new body that was “imperishable … raised in glory … raised in power … raised a spiritual body” (1 Cor.
15:42–44).
This new resurrection body that Jesus had when he rose from the dead is the pattern for what our bodies will be like when we are raised from the dead, because Christ is “the first fruits” (1 Cor.
15:23)—an agricultural metaphor that likens Christ to the first sample of the harvest, showing what the other fruit from that harvest would be like.
We now have a physical body like Adam’s, but we will have one like Christ’s: “Just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the man of heaven” (1 Cor.
15:49).
Jesus had to be raised as a man in order to be the “first-born from the dead” (Col.
1:18), the pattern for the bodies that we would later have.
To Sympathize As High Priest
The author of Hebrews reminds us that “because he himself has suffered and been tempted, he is able to help those who are tempted” (Heb.
2:18; cf.
4:15–16).
If Jesus had not been a man, he would not have been able to know by experience what we go through in our temptations and struggles in this life.
But because he has lived as a man, he is able to sympathize more fully with us in our experiences.
Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan Pub.
House, 2004), 540–542.
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