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Matthew Chapter 9:36-10:42 – Jesus Prepares and Commissions the Twelve Apostles
Part 1 – Matthew 9:36-10:2 – Purpose of and Introduction to the Apostles
Introduction:
Matthew 1-9 –
I love what Jeremy Thomas states about Matthew.
“Matthew is making an argument.
He is not just
writing a history.”
Matthew is written in such a manner to make a specific argument to a particular
group of people.
Every section of Matthew 1-9 is written to demonstrate to the Jews in Israel that Jesus
is the Messiah.
This argument continues throughout the book, but the bulk of the evidence is contained
in these first 9 chapters.
He has the birthright to be the Messiah King, the Son of David.
His birth and early life fulfill prophecy.
Even Gentiles (the magi) recognized that Jesus is the King of the Jews.
John the Baptizer, a recognized prophet to all of Israel, pointed to Jesus as the promised One and
testified that Jesus was announced as the Son by the Father in the presence of many disciples of John.
Jesus taught as one having authority and clarified the Law.
Jesus announced the kingdom and offered it
freely to Israel if they would repent, that is believe and keep the covenant of God for Israel.
Jesus performed many miracles, demonstrating His authority over sickness, disease, demons, nature, the
Sabbath, and sin.
Jesus, in His humanity, was given authority to forgive sins by the Father and is the
judge over who gets into the kingdom of heaven.
All of this was to prove that Jesus is the King and that
the Kingdom was near.
The setting is complete when you consider the pericope from Matthew 4:23 and Matthew 9:35.
After all this demonstration and teaching all over Israel, the people were prepared.
Now Jesus looks over
the crowds and tells His disciples (not just the Twelve) that we need more workers.
Matthew 9:36-38 –
Jesus looks at the crowds and felt compassion for them because they were distressed and dispirited like
sheep without a shepherd.
Distressed is “σκύλλω skullō,” which means to skin or to flay, to be troubled.
Why were the people
distressed?
Dispirited is “ῥίπτω rhiptō” and means to be thrown down, to be thrust to the ground.
Again, why?
Numbers 27:15-17; 2 Samuel 5:1-3
This is concerning the leadership of Israel.
They were supposed to be good shepherds of the people, but
instead, they harassed, beat down, and flayed them monetarily and spiritually until they had basically
given up.
As Matthew progresses, the rebuke of the Pharisees and scribes becomes more open, and Jesus
will begin to rebuke them outright as evil, selfish, scripture-twisting hypocrites that are not worthy of
their position, and they will not escape damnation.
Fortunately, Jesus had been training shepherds to be their replacements.
The apostles and other disciples
are called to be gentle, merciful peacemakers; they are salt and light and are being trained by Jesus not only
Book of Matthew – 037
Beth Haven Church
2022 1
Matthew Chapter 9:36-10:42 – Jesus Prepares and Commissions the Twelve Apostles
Part 1 – Matthew 9:36-10:2 – Purpose of and Introduction to the Apostles
in the message of the kingdom but will also receive power to do the same actions as Jesus to validate that
message.
After the resurrection, this commission is repeated (John 21:15-17), and Peter and the apostles
commission other shepherd-lings (1 Peter 5:1-4).
Matthew 10:1-4
Jesus identifies from among the disciples, who probably number in the hundreds, twelve leaders.
Of those
twelve, three are part of His inner circle.
It is important to remember that Matthew is not chronological.
The Twelve are not chosen after these
demonstrations, but they all knew they were being trained as apostles before the message of the kingdom
and before the demonstrations of power.
Luke 6:12-20 – Jesus chooses the Twelve prior to the Sermon on the Mount.
Then after following Jesus
around for some time, the Twelve are sent out in Luke 9, and then 70 are sent out in Luke 10.
It is not the
easiest chronology to set, but this was probably well into His second year of ministry.
The bulk of the
content in the Gospels is most likely the last half of Jesus’ ministry.
Jesus, in coordination with the Holy Spirit and the Father, chooses twelve of the disciples to become His
apostles.
Some of them we know well; some of them we know very little.
The point of Matthew 10 is to demonstrate that Jesus gave the Twelve the authority just as He had to
proclaim the gospel of the kingdom and the ability to demonstrate that authority by performing miracles in
the same manner He did.
Peter
I.
Call of Peter – In the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, the calling of Peter is simply “follow Me.”
In
Matthew, Peter is called “the first.”
This is not in order of calling but in primacy.
He was the leader of
the apostles and the pillar (Galatians 2:9), along with John and James, the half-brother of Jesus.
In the
Gospel of John, we see that Peter’s brother, Andrew, was a disciple of John the Baptizer.
Andrew was
one of two that was introduced to Jesus by John the Baptizer.
Andrew then told his brother that they
had found the Christ (John 1:35-42).
When Peter met Him, Jesus told him that his name is Simon and
that he would be known as Cephas (Peter).
In Luke 5:1-11, we see that Peter was in his boat when
Jesus came and spoke to the people and told Peter to cast his net and they caught a large catch that
Peter made a very astute observation, “depart from me for I am a sinful man.”
II.
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