Lion of Judah: The Messiah in Genesis

I'm going to focus on an important Messianic prophecy. The lion of Judah passage in Genesis 49. It's the longest Messianic Prophecy in the Torah. And we'll find that in the those five poetic versus from our standpoint. Now in 2022. We're going to be able to pull out, lots and lots of possible nuances. This was a prophecy. That was understood as Messianic for Jews in the second temple. Like the Disciples of Jesus. and then, When Jesus came, of course, there was a his disciples. It was a great expansion of that of their understanding. Because remember, when Jesus was resurrected, he appeared to his dispirited disciples. And as we reading, Luke 24, everything I said everything, written about me, in the law of Moses, and the prophets in the Psalms must be fulfilled. And he went on to teach them about the ways in which all of scripture pointed to him. I think it's likely that with the prophecy. I'm going to consider there probably were some nuances of that prophecy that he brought out to them that they wouldn't have seen before.

Now, of course, because of what Jesus, you know, his has taught that understanding is gone out that stuff throughout the New Testament has been passed down from Jesus's disciples to their disciples, all the way through the last 2000 years. So that we have a really rich body of teaching about Jesus the Messiah available to us. Actually, how many of you love to study Messianic prophecy? Yeah. I knew that was an obvious one and I certainly fall in that category and over the past 25 years. I really enjoyed studying Messianic Prophecy with some very fine of angelical Christian Scholars, and I'll mention a few names. A one person in particular is dr. Walter Kaiser. A water Kaiser was a graduate school. Classmate of Marvin Wilson. Who is very familiar to us and actually water Kaiser, and Marvin Wilson and Edwin. Yamauchi. I was a history professor at Miami horror. I teach school one. In Brandeis together, studying with Cyrus Gordon, their all in their late eighties now, but I'll still alive. And they've left us with quite a legacy of work for us to to keep studying. And what are Kaiser's book? The Messiah in the Old Testament is really a classic running through a list of about 60, Messianic prophecies in and drawing out the implications. Another rum scholar that I really like. On the prophecy is, John sailhamer? And I'll be drawing today on some insights, from a student of his. Name, David Chen and I'll have some books at the end of the at the end of the slide, some of the books that are really good. So I want to start actually with um an observation of John sale hammers. He noticed that there was really a Messianic message build into what you might call the seams of the Hebrew Canon of scripture and other words of the transition places, where the Torah goes to the prophets. And the prophet goes to the writings. If you look at what's going on in to text at those transitions, there seems to be a Messianic messages being sent. For example, the end of the Torah, Deuteronomy 34 ends with a statement written. Presumably hundreds of years after Moses that says, hey, we're still waiting for that Prophet like Moses. We're still at waiting for that one was to come and then the prophets starred in The Book of Joshua and God tells Joshua, okay to succeed, meditate on my word, meditate on the tour of the you've been given.

And there really isn't an ologist thing when we look at the transition from the profits to the writings.

So Malachi at the end of the profits, we know the end of Malachi's. Very Messianic, right? Behold. He's coming the sun of righteousness with healing in his wings, the Days of Elijah, right? It's very messy attic. And then the writing started in someone who's the wise, man, the one who meditates on the Torah day and night. so, in both of those transitions, we've got this message. Okay, we're wait Faithfully until the Messiah comes. And what do you do now? You immerse yourself in God's work. Could it be that God inspired the Hebrew, Canon to be put together to send that message if the transition points? It could well be. It certainly is something in common with both Jews and Christians agree. And I was going to mention this again that the whole purpose of the of the Hebrew scriptures is to teach about the Messiah, everything in the Hebrew, scriptures teaches about the Messiah.

Now, the message of the Messiah begins in the Torah and of course begins in the very first book, The Book of Genesis. Now, we think about the Book of Genesis and what it's doing. Genesis covers events from the beginning in the beginning. And we're going to see with the prophecy when look at it goes all the way out into the future. So in the sense, all of history is really stand by the Book of Genesis. Now, the set the stage for the end of Genesis work, we know where I'm going to end up. We should think about the fact that there's this really thread of a message of hope that on the promise of the Messiah that begins at the beginning of Genesis, and just carries on through and in particular, in the early chapters of Genesis. We see God giving a message of Hope really at the lowest points in human history.

But starting with, of course, Adam and Eve sinned. And will come then to the first Messianic prophecy that that that Rob is already mentioned. Write Genesis 3, 15 God talking to the serpent and says I just had this trip and I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your Offspring. Your seed and hers, he will strike your head and you will strike his heel. ASRock was mentioning for Eve. You know, she was expecting the something special was going to happen with one of her sons with one of her offspring. Looking at this from the standpoint of now. What we see is this conflict between Good and Evil? That runs through all of history.

The the word for seed can refer both to a group or do an individual. So, we're talking about those on the good side, right? Battling the them. See did the serpent that was those on the other side of this happens, collectively. And also there's a hint of a specific individual, right? Cuz it talks about his heel. So there's a specific given individual in there as well. We know in I've got Roman 1620 on the on the slide, right. What Paul says that the end of the letter to the Romans,

Yes, he says in that kind of benediction, the God of Peace will shortly Crush Satan under your feet. So really with that reference is making a reference to Genesis 3 15 and he's saying that for the people he's riding to for the Disciples of Jesus. They are participating in this conflict between good and evil right in the in the, in the defeat of the defeat of the serpent.

So, we've got this. Message of hope it starts right at the beginning. and then, of course, after the Tower of Babel,

The nations are scattered, but God has a plan to bring all the nations back to him and restore blessing to everyone for. He's going to work with Abraham. And of course that's all summarized in the abrahamic promise from God caused Abraham and particular. He says, right, I will bless those who bless. You are. The one who curses you. I will curse Genesis 12:3 and in you all the families of the Earth shall be blessed. Not the prophecy of this promise to Abraham is keeps being repeated. It should go through Genesis repeated to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and it keeps getting expanded as it goes along the promise. It includes rights Uprising, it, right? So many children, Prosperity possession of the land and in particular right through your seat out. Well, for you, all the nations will be blessed. And when the prophecy is, when the promise is repeated in Genesis 22, right? Right after the arcade. God tells Abraham and buy your Offspring by your seed. Shall all the nations of the earth game, blessing for the trucks, all the nations of the earth. People ask. So that really says that the seed promise from Genesis 3 is being carried forward to Abraham. The seed of the woman is now Abraham seed.

And Christina was Robert. Sing the song understanding gets expanded as we go along.

So let's come then to the end of Genesis and Genesis 49 Jacob at the end of this life. Is addressing his sons and Genesis 49 1. Then Jacob called his son's said Gather yourselves together that I may tell you what shall happen to you in days to come. Now that phrase that's translated in days to come. Hebrew. Baka read how you mean? Is often translated as in the latter days. In a bunch of passages, and I've got a list here, some of them. You look at it and you'll you'll say. Yeah, that's definitely an in X thing. Just look at the first one, Isaiah 22.

Right of Isaiah tattoos. The famous One in days to come, right in the latter days, in the mountain of the Lord's House should be established as the highest of the mountains, and still be raised above the hills and all the nations stream to it. Many people. So come in, say, let's go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the daughter of Jacob that he may teach has his ways. And that we may walk in his pass for out of Zion, to go for construction and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. Definitely, an end time setting. And if you look, you know, the number these passages that Ezekiel 38 the Gog and Magog thing is definitely an end times kind of thing the passes and Daniel very similar. So there's a hint here than that in Genesis 49 that the implications of what Jacob is telling his son's could involve things all the way up to the latter days. Days to come in the latter days.

Now, this phrase, and I'm talking about appears four times in the Torah.

This the Hebrew phrase in days to come and in two of the other three times when it appears it really appears in a Messianic kind of setting. Look at numbers 24.

This is when Balaam is giving his prophecy.

And inverse 14 Balaam says. So now I'm going to my people, let me advise you what this people will do to your people in days to come in the latter days. There it is. What's going to happen in the latter days? And then, of course, Balaam precedes to give a pretty famous prophecy, right? One of the most important miss any prophecies in the Torah verse 17. I see him but not now, I Behold Him but not near a star. So come out of Jacob and a scepter shall rise out of Israel, the famous star passage rather famous Messianic prophecy and at the end of Deuteronomy at the end of life. Does a reference to the days to come and right after that reference, the song of Moses Deuteronomy, 32 that's going to talk about all the things that are going to happen to Israel reaching out into the future. Then there are more blessings for the different tribes and the statement at the end of Deuteronomy about, hey, we're waiting for this Prophet like me the prophet like Moses Wright. So, this phrase are cruising Messianic settings? I'm so that's a hint that something important is going on and is going to go on in Genesis 49.

Now. Not everything that is covered in Jacob's. Address is really about the end times. He talks about things are going to happen in the next few hundred years to the different tribes Reuben. The firstborn would not be the preeminent, 12 Tribes of Simeon, and Levi would be scattered which ends up happening. Is to move into the land. If you have a few hundred years later. Remember now Jacobs in in Egypt, right? With them. The whole family there with Joseph is a right ruling under Pharaoh. It's at that time in history.

So much of the address doesn't involve the entire time, but look what happens when we get to the address to Judah.

So starving in for Save. Judah, your brothers shall praise. You your hand should be on the neck of your enemies. Your father's Sons shall bow down before you, and I want to look at first if that phrase your Father's son shall bow down before you. That kind of hooks. What Jacob is saying here with what his b was said to him? When he was younger. Because if you look at Dennis's, 27-29, when Isaac was giving his Blessing to Jacob, the blessing he thought was going to Lisa, right? He said, Isaac said to Jacob, make your mother's sons, bow down to you. Now, of course Jacob's mother only had two sons. So talking about me, your mother's sons about down before you. It's kind of a hint that Isaac was thinking, you know, was being inspired to speak Beyond Jacob himself. To somebody who would be a descendant. Of his to whom, write his mother Sons would bow down. So so this phrase is really connecting the address to Judah with the main thread of the promise to Abraham. It's been going throughout Genesis kind of indicating with that thread is going to be prominently picked up in the in the message to Judah.

So, again 49:8, it says your brother shall praise you, and, of course, that's a play on words, right? Because Judah means praise. And in these addresses to the sun's has a lot of play on words with the names of the different signs. Your brother shall praise you and at the end of the verse your Father's son shall bow down before you. Now, if you look in the Tanakh where the words word for praise and bow down a together.

They always apply to God. so, for example, with someone 38

Look at how someone 38 begin. Psalm 138 verses 1 I give you thanks O Lord with my whole heart before the guys. I sing your praise. I bow down towards your Holy Temple and give thanks to your name for your steadfast love and faithfulness. So I sing your praise and I bow down. That's something that you do to God. So we are looking at this, you know, from our standpoint. We think, okay. Jude is going to have a descendant. Who's going to be God?

I could beat, you know, sitting sitting in there, right? So this could be a of the deity of the Messiah if he's going to have a bow down before him.

Another thing about that about that phrase, your father son, shall bow down before you think of the context of Jacob's address to his sons. There in Egypt.

It because of Joseph. Joseph, of course, as we come. Do, you know that we came to became the ruler on to Sarah Wright? The famines are

And what happened? His father's son's bow down to him in Egypt. That was Joseph, not Judah. But one thing to consider here is it looks like the things that have been happening with Joseph. Jacob the saying They're going to happen. Next in the future. They're going to happen to Judah.

The things that happened to Joseph R a picture of what's going to happen to Judah in the future.

So does its experience gives a picture of Judas feature?

Now, let's look at the phrase in 49:8 that I haven't talked about yet in between the two that I've looked at your hand should be on the neck of your enemies. Now, this is poetry and poetry can have difference. Nuances different kind of tations different interpretations, right? And one interpretation. You're talkin about conflict and defeat of enemies. That's kind of an extension of Genesis 3 15, right, that conflict between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent playing out. Some more. On the other hand, when you picture your hand, on the neck of your enemies, you could be thinking about enemies reconciling and falling upon each other's necks with a hug. And think about Joseph's experience again. Joseph, of course, had been betrayed by his brothers.

But in the end, they reconciled.

And Joseph hand was in the sense on the neck of his enemies when he was hugging Judah and his brothers when they reconciled. So there's a sense here that those who are your enemies could be, you know, they could be from your own family and their two things can happen with enemies. They might be crushed or they might be reconciled.

And if we think about what the Messiah would do. Right. He came to reconcile us to God. So if we think about Romans 5.

Why Paul writes? The god proves his love for us in that while we were still sinners Christ died for us. For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God to the death of his son, much more surely having reconciled. Will we be saved by his life? So, for our eyes to Thousand Years post Jesus, we see this descendant of Judah, who brings reconciliation with enemies reconciliation with his brother.

Now, let's go to Bruce 9. Judah is a lion's whelp Allure Lion's, Cub the Lion, a symbol of power and authority. And then it says, from the pray, my son, you have gone up.

So of course, my son is the way that Jacob had thought about Joseph. When you ask Jacob, who is son was? That was Joseph, right? He's specifically my son. But again, he saying now, the things that happened to Joseph, those are going to happen with two to do this. Specifically my son and again thinking of Joseph experience. Joseph had a sort of was thought to have been the prey, right? His brother said that. Set an animal must have torn him to pieces.

Ryland and Jacob. No May believe that for some for some time. But he has Joseph had gone up.

After this, right? It is in the fact that he's been resurrected Joseph fell into into slavery, into the prison in Egypt, but then God raised him up. He was resurrected. That's what happened to Joseph in the future. This would happen with Judah.

UConn up.

So let's look next. He crouches down or he stoop down. Who Dares Rouse him up like a lioness? Who Dares practice. He stretches out like a lion like a lioness. Who does Rouse him up? Now again, this is poetic. And so they're different interpretations that are possible, and the ones that have come down to us and our translations trying to get the picture of the sort of sleeping lion, and you don't dare Rosen.

And that's possible, but you can also make an argument for a different interpretation.

Kevin Chen, Jones fail, a student, makes an extensive argument here. He notes that the verb for Rouse who is more often translated Ray and that there's a different word who are the two use for roused from sleep.

So maybe it is and maybe it isn't Rosen. Maybe it's maybe it's raise instead the Hebrew word leans that way.

And I got some examples on the slide of the examples where this is used for for Rouse, like, in them. Are those of the other word being used for Rouse? Not the word that used in Genesis 49? So is an example, some 4423 on God to wake up?

On the other hand, the word that is in Genesis 49. It tends to be used when somebody is weak and has fallen and is then raised up. At least that's one of the ways and it's used for example in 2nd Samuel 12. This is after David his coming to terms with the sense that he's committed with Bathsheba and Uriah and he's going to lose the see the sun.

So on 2nd Samuel 12, the Lord struck the child that your eyes wife. Where did they win? Then became very ill. David different pleaded with God for the child. David fasted went in and Leon died in the ground. The Elders of his house. Stood Beside him, urging him to rise from the ground, but he would not, or did he eat food with them. But so they wanted he was in a week. They wanted him to rise up. They wanted to raise him up.

There's also with this passage. There's it's interesting. There's a parallel in the numbers 24 in the vale and passage which is another if you know of a link that continues to say, this is a Messianic prophecy that we're looking at. so, balum said, Talking about Israel, right? He crouched he laid down like a lion and like a lioness. Who will Rouse him up. So it's a little bit different from the Genesis passage, but it's closed. It. Has he cried? He lay down like a lion.

Now, the word for lay down.

is also used in a number of places where I

It can mean what to lay down in death and the judges five. Passage that I've reference is actually where sisera is killed by Jael. He lays down and in death. I saw another possibility in our Genesis Passage.

When we read. He crouches down. He stretches out like a lion like a lioness. Who Dares? Rouse him up. The question could be. Okay. This lion is falling down in death. And the question is who shall raise him.

The implied answer would be God will. So from our Vantage Point writing in 2022, we can think, okay. There's a little hint of the resurrection of the Messiah here.

Who's going to race him? God will raise him. And in fact in Christian history, this was an interpretation that was picked up by the Christian tradition in the church fathers including hippolyta Saint Ambrose. A rather Genesis 49 9 in the in the way that I'm talking about here.

So there could be a message in here if we've got a nice to, to notice that about the resurrection of the coming Messiah.

Okay. So after all that, now, we finally come to the famous part of. Genesis 49:10, right? The scepter shall not depart from Judah know, the ruler staff from between his feet until tribute comes to him and to him shall be The Obedience of the people's. So you get the picture of someone coming. Coming from Judah who will be a ruler. Who will command The Obedience of the peoples. Not just Israel. But but other people's now this is I'm doing this is ESV. And of course there's several, you know translations hear about the until tribute comes to him. Write in King James that just translator. It's a straight from Hebrew until Shiloh come. I need an IV until he to whom it belongs. So come.

Lockport from really based on his equal 21 27, which is interpreting this, this prophecy and what what we find out and Kyle is going to make reference to this Shiloh, the Hebrew word there. You know, it's not as I like to say, it's not Shiloh's not Neil, Diamond's imaginary friend. That's the one here.

Shiloh is a Messianic title. Right? It's the, the one to whom the rulership belongs. And this has been recognized as recognized by, you know, Jews before Jesus came.

This is about Messias King.

Then in the 4911. Binding is full to the vine and it's donkey's Colt to the choice. Vine. Why, when we read that? Now as Christians, that makes us think ahead to prophesy where this got expanded ride in Zechariah 9:9. Let's review that briefly.

Write Rejoice. Greatly o Daughter of Zion. Shout aloud o daughter of Jerusalem. Do your king comes to you triumphant and Victorious? Is he humble and riding on a donkey, on a Colt? The foal of a donkey? There's that. We know how Jesus carries this out at his triumphal entry Jerusalem. And let me know what he was doing it for us, is not, this is not lost on his disciples who had Genesis 49 and Zechariah 9 in their in their heads.

Then he has washed his garments and wine and is Vester in the blood of grapes. So there's this picture where you're sort of mixing images with wine and and block. Again. Joseph experience might be relevant to your, right. There's a special coat gotten got dipped in Blood and the wine and blood are linked in the same judgment, passages in the Bible, right? And Isaiah 63 and also in Revelation 19, so maybe we'll go to Revelation, 19.

Speaking about the about the coming with the coming of the Messiah. He is clothed in a robe dipped in blood.

And his name is called the word of God and the armies of Heaven wear in fine, linen, white and Pierre were following him on white horses from his mouth. Comes a sharp sword with which to strike down the nation's, he will rule them with a rod of iron. He will tread the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God, the almighty and the Revelation passage, or we've got this link between the the wine and the blood connected with judgement.

So, we think about the Messiah as coming judge.

And then the prophecy ends. His eyes are darker than Wine and his teeth whiter than milk. And here we get this picture of the abundance of the of the Messianic era.

In the last verse of the address to the Judah. Okay. So what I'm giving you an extreme maximalist. Christian reading of Genesis 49 8 to 12 as elucidated by Kevin Shannon in the Great Book of the whole chapter of his book. This on this, for the 4th chapter on this. What prophecy

But let's think about all that we've got here. Well, of course, this is all carried forward and in Revelation, right? And the image of the Lion of Judah.

I'm in Revelation already. So it's got a revelation 5.

Where's 51 has been one of the elders. Said, to me, do not weep, see the lion of the tribe of Judah. The root of David has conquered, so that he can open the scroll and it's Seven Seals. So we got this image of the Lion of Judah, straight from straight from Genesis 49. And of course, carrying on to David because the David, of course, is the descendant of Judah. Whose

Are the king who's going to be. There are the ancestor of the of the messiah's, This Promise expands as we continue to head through scripture.

so, What are the things that we pulled out here? Pics of the Messiah in Genesis 49. I talked about the possible Divine Park. Someone who prays and bow down to a ruler. Certainly. Kate brings reconciliation with his, with his brothers, who falls on their necks and Reconciliation.

Crouches down in death, but is raised Again by God.

Comes as judge. And the gum of the people's, you know, he rules. In a world of abundance.

So we've got this very nice, big Messianic picture in Genesis 49. If we look at it from our, from our eyes, in the in 2022.

Now, one thing then that week and then kind of you know, think about and and wonder about is, you know, when did who know what?

Which of these points did the Disciples of Jesus anticipate and which points did Jesus? Tell them?

They said they knew it was them. They knew he was the Messiah, right? They knew he was the Messiah, they would have understood that I think I'm sure that you know, that they were looking for somebody from the tribe of Judah.

No based on based on this passage. So where there were things from from here that they that they definitely understood.

The things drawing out here and draw them throughout her about atonement in Resurrection. Those are probably the things Jesus was explaining to them in his appearance to them. After the, resurrection would be my bet. We know we can't, you know, we can't put ourselves inside. The people's heads are at different times and it's hard with what we understand to understand any of it and try to go back into the previous previous perspective.

But it's an interesting thing to think about into and to talk about into and to speculate on it. Just a sec. Mary. So be, I guess we'll wrap up with questions then.

Alright, so mentioning some of the scholars I was mentioning. So I was drawing from a chapter of Kevin Chen's book called the Messianic vision of the pentateuch was a student of sale Hammers and really just draws all kinds of things out of the pentateuch about the Messiah. It's really a great book. I've only read that chapter in a little bit more. So I'm looking forward to digging into the rest of it is filled with all the different stuff. Another one that said her students Michael rydelnik, who is a Messianic Jew the Messianic hope. This is really a really a treat and I mentioned a water Kaiser's, classic work though, the sign on the Old Testament. That's the one that I I read. First basically takes about 60, Messianic, prophecies and Cottages goes to take some kind of chronologically and shows how the vision of the Masai. X band is. Rob is Rob was saying if you go through the Tanakh, You go through that, you were scriptures. recently, there's another source that's come out and call The Moody Handbook of Messianic prophecy. Right? Edited by right down. They can another Messianic to bloom. Beau Grissom has a copy of this. I've seen it. It looks like it's great has essays from a bunch of different Scholars. Notice about 1,400 pages long.

So if you want 1400 Pages, if you know Messianic prophecy goodness than this is what it looks like. This is going to be a go to a go-to place for that for all us lovers. A Messianic prophecy.

Okay. This is community time. Process out loud what we're learning. Think of a triangle. God, our Father gets the capital T. He's the teacher, he's working through the little T. Teacher the gifting, and he's working with his people. So we're hearing from God. We're learning from one another, anybody have anything? They would like to ask. Brother, Doug or contribute to this? Teaching. Okay, when you come to the back here Hannah, I see that and thank you for getting us going.

I'll hold the microphone. You tell us what's on your heart.

It came from. Benjamin. I realize that David came from the tribe of Judah and it was Saul who came from Benjamin. Good morning. So we're going to have that. That's right. That's an important point. And the promise to David in 2nd Samuel 7 to Rob was mentioning Builds on this Genesis 49 promise. Write this promise to Judah is being carried out through David. We understood cuz I start understanding and Davidson.

Doug this side of the room. So I think now that I look at it. I was looking at your chart, had a question of the last verse of 49, but my translation uses the word his, his eyes are dull from line. I was trying to understand the abundance and also that the abundance related to when when Jesus, was there with his disciples. Cuz I don't, I didn't get the feeling they were living in abundance, but maybe they were a little bit better. Clear, understanding from the word, dull and white from milk. So now I understand the abundance that there is the description of why that is abundant. I was trying to make the Lincoln. Yeah, that's a really good thing to bring out and it poured, it sort of highlights. One of the things that's been going on here. Right? We've got this poetic poetic passages. That are open to more than one interpretation. So I kind of, you know, a brush that went through quickly at the end who's Piers one reading, but that's not the only reading. It could be that this says more about, you know, this could say more about about the passion. For example, Maybe.

He's generally considered like a time of famine. Like if your teeth are white, is cuz you're not eating. Well, I've seen that imagery of you here. Isn't there. There's one possibility. Isn't there a good discussion going on you I'm telling you that Mariah has we couldn't have for Saturday. So we brought it in here at exactly right. Looking at that verse 9, we talking about. I've never read it that way, where he he lays down and who can raise him? And I was thinking about John 10. I Lay My Life down in my own authority. I have the authority to do it. Nobody makes me. And I take it up again. It's like this image of that, that lion who lays down, and it is not a, it's not a he's beaten down. He like, He chooses to lay down. And then raise back up with his timing and it's like cuz that that links right into the authority piece. I thought I was just, I was thinking about that from expectations, like the missing expectations, that that Kyle was talking about. The other week is that, you know, they wanted maybe the disciples wanted to Rouse him. You know, he that roaring lion be like, no, no, no. No, I have that Authority. And I'm, I'm laying down right now.

Hey man, did rice. Now we're going tonight.

Good. Ray, Sylvia.

Don't be shy.

Okay, the culture of the time. Not everybody was Scholars. It just like today is the same, the same thing going on the expectation. Was that? The Roman were oppressing where we're also living in a pressing time. Famine is talked about there has been many things, so, I know today, we emphasized in this family. That gathers. Here we study. The culture that Jesus came into but often we don't talk are there books that talk more about the common culture? I mean not everybody got to Jerusalem not everybody. It was a big Kingdom not everybody got their Show. Is there more writings about the other expectations of the common people. So so I think short answer is yes, and and if you look at the recommended books from Rob, slide, for example, the book by Michael bird. He's thinking back into what were the expectations that Jesus, this time. That's a pretty big thing in New Testament. Scholarship actually, trying to figure out what those expectations were at that point from different segments of society. You're right. What about the variety of expectations? Yeah. There's a large literature on that. And so I'd recommend going to that book by Michael bird, that is on Rob's list of of resources. That's going to poke you right into all that. All right, Doug, take Dennis's, question or comment.

My question is in the first 10 talkin about the scepter shall not depart from Judah, then it says, no to the Rogue River or ruler from between his feet. It's kind of a dark picture between his feet. What is there something? I'm missing that that's supposed to mean. I don't get that. Yeah, I I'd have to go back to my notes. I think there is some extra, some extra implication. There. It isn't, I'm not getting it right now, but you know what? My pole from that. But I think there are, there is stuff.

Okay, BB available. If you'd like to ask him a question poll in the side one more time would appreciate the hard work and scholarship that went into that.