Vicarious Death of Christ

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Romans 5:10–15 (KJV 1900)
Romans 5:10–15 AV 1873
10 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life. 11 And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement. 12 Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned: 13 for until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law. 14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come. 15 But not as the offence, so also is the free gift. For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.
10 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life. 11 And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement. 12 Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned: 13 (For until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law. 14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come. 15 But not as the offence, so also is the free gift. For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.
The atonement involves Christ’s life, death, and resurrection. Jesus being fully God and fully man allowed for the perfect substitutionary sacrifice for all of humanity.

His Life

The word atonement found in Romans 5:11 is the Greek word καταλλαγή katallagē, which means, “exchange (fig. adjustment), i.e. restoration to (the divine) favor:—atonement, reconciliation (-ing).”
For God to accept a payment adequate for the world's sins, that payment must not be indebted to Him, therefore making it critical for Jesus to be wholly human but "yet without sin" (Heb. 4:15). This truth makes Christ's death the sacrifice that the world needs to receive reconciliation between them and God. Jesus had no corruption; being God. He could not sin and therefore is the only one who could bear the sins sacrificially upon the cross as a complete and satisfactory payment in the eyes of God
2 Corinthians 5:21 (KJV 1900)
2 Corinthians 5:21 AV 1873
21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
Galatians 3:11 (KJV 1900)
Galatians 3:11 AV 1873
11 But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith.
11 But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith.
Hebrews 4:15 AV 1873
15 For we have not a high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.

His Suffering

Psalm 22:1–21 (KJV 1900)
1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? 2 O my God, I cry in the daytime, but thou hearest not; And in the night season, and am not silent. 3 But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel. 4 Our fathers trusted in thee: They trusted, and thou didst deliver them. 5 They cried unto thee, and were delivered: They trusted in thee, and were not confounded. 6 But I am a worm, and no man; A reproach of men, and despised of the people. 7 All they that see me laugh me to scorn: They shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, 8 He trusted on the Lord that he would deliver him: Let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him. 9 But thou art he that took me out of the womb: Thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother’s breasts. 10 I was cast upon thee from the womb: Thou art my God from my mother’s belly. 11 Be not far from me; for trouble is near; For there is none to help. 12 Many bulls have compassed me: Strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. 13 They gaped upon me with their mouths, As a ravening and a roaring lion. 14 I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint: My heart is like wax; It is melted in the midst of my bowels. 15 My strength is dried up like a potsherd; And my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; And thou hast brought me into the dust of death. 16 For dogs have compassed me: The assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: They pierced my hands and my feet. 17 I may tell all my bones: They look and stare upon me. 18 They part my garments among them, And cast lots upon my vesture. 19 But be not thou far from me, O Lord: O my strength, haste thee to help me. 20 Deliver my soul from the sword; My darling from the power of the dog. 21 Save me from the lion’s mouth: For thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns.
Isaiah 53:3–10 (KJV 1900)
Isaiah 53:3–10 AV 1873
3 He is despised and rejected of men; A man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: And we hid as it were our faces from him; He was despised, and we esteemed him not. 4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, And carried our sorrows: Yet we did esteem him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted. 5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities: The chastisement of our peace was upon him; And with his stripes we are healed. 6 All we like sheep have gone astray; We have turned every one to his own way; And the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. 7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, Yet he opened not his mouth: He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, And as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, So he openeth not his mouth. 8 He was taken from prison and from judgment: And who shall declare his generation? For he was cut off out of the land of the living: For the transgression of my people was he stricken. 9 And he made his grave with the wicked, And with the rich in his death; Because he had done no violence, Neither was any deceit in his mouth. 10 Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: When thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, He shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, And the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.
3 He is despised and rejected of men; A man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: And we hid as it were our faces from him; He was despised, and we esteemed him not. 4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, And carried our sorrows: Yet we did esteem him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted. 5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities: The chastisement of our peace was upon him; And with his stripes we are healed. 6 All we like sheep have gone astray; We have turned every one to his own way; And the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. 7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, Yet he opened not his mouth: He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, And as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, So he openeth not his mouth. 8 He was taken from prison and from judgment: And who shall declare his generation? For he was cut off out of the land of the living: For the transgression of my people was he stricken. 9 And he made his grave with the wicked, And with the rich in his death; Because he had done no violence, Neither was any deceit in his mouth. 10 Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: When thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, He shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, And the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.
With eternal love, God sent His Son to be a substitutionary payment for the sins of the whole world.
1 John 2:2 (KJV 1900)
1 John 2:2 AV 1873
2 and he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.
2 And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.
1 John 4:10 (KJV 1900)
1 John 4:10 AV 1873
10 Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.
10 Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.
The word substitution means “the act, process, or result of substituting one thing for another.” The teaching of substitutionary death says that Jesus not only died in the place of sinners but had to suffer as well.

His Death

Paul states that “we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son,” indicating that the death of Christ on the cross was intended to change the status of man’s relationship with God mutually.
Jesus had to die to pay for the sin of the world. There is no other way God could be just in forgiving sin except that the Godman should pay for the sins of the world through His suffering and death.
Matthew 26:39 (KJV 1900)
Matthew 26:39 AV 1873
39 And he went a little further, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt.
39 And he went a little further, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt.
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