Sermon Tone Analysis

Apostolic Church Practice in Scripture

Historical Practice

Transubstantiation (Popery)

Consubstantiation (Lutheranism)

Spiritual Presence Calvin (Reformed)

Memorial (Zwingli—Baptist was in the Calvin camp but went to memorial late 1700s)

Gill: Though Jews did break bread at the beginning of their meals, to eat together was not called breaking bread together

The Lord’s supper, like how Jesus instituted it, was paired up with sharing meals together

Break bread verse 7 looks like purposeful worship

Break bread verse 10 looks like a fellowship meal

Main takeaway: The Church gathered with the objective to participate in the Lord’s table

Why?

Because of its spiritual meaning:

10:16 Participation = fellowship

Not fellowshipping with physical body and blood of Christ

Fellowship with both each other and Christ—spiritually

10:18

Israel according to the flesh

“Those who ate the food of the sacrifice entered into a partnership with all that the altar stood for.”

The New American Commentary

The summary point: No real idol, and thus food itself never is polluted

But since they are sacrificing to demons, the action itself is contaminated

Food is fine, but the act itself is idolatry

Transubstantiation (Trans=change, substantiation=substance)

Consubstantiation (Con= Together, substantiation=substance)

In, with and under…like a sponge filled with water

Spiritual

Memorial

The great error of Transubstantiation is it recrucifies the Lord over and over

It also causes people to reject their reason in believing that it is literally Jesus’ body and blood

No outward change forced the Catholics to use Aristotelian philosophy to defend their madness

Essence or substance

Accidents

A Ball = Essence is its roundness

Accidents is its color

The essence of the bread and wine change into the body and blood of Christ

It’s accidents remains the same

This confuses the person of Jesus.

His God nature is omnipresent.

But his humanity is not, and is rather at the Right hand of the Father....not in the bread and wine

To refuse the mass then is to refuse the sacrificial work of Christ and you are putting your soul at risk

Thus, the catholic religion used this as a way to keep the people in their clutches

Spiritual

Westminster Larger Catechism

Q. 168.

What is the Lord's supper?

A. The Lord's supper is a sacrament of the New Testament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine according to the appointment of Jesus Christ, his death is showed forth; and they that worthily communicate feed upon his body and blood, to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace; have their union and communion with him confirmed; testify and renew their thankfulness, and engagement to God, and their mutual love and fellowship each with other, as members of the same mystical body.

Heidelberg Catechism

75.

Q.

How does the Lord's Supper signify and seal to you that you share in Christ's one sacrifice on the cross and in all His gifts?

A. In this way: Christ has commanded me and all believers to eat of this broken bread and drink of this cup in remembrance of Him.

With this command He gave these promises:[1] First, as surely as I see with my eyes the bread of the Lord broken for me and the cup given to me, so surely was His body offered for me and His blood poured out for me on the cross.

Second, as surely as I receive from the hand of the minister and taste with my mouth the bread and the cup of the Lord as sure signs of Christ's body and blood, so surely does He Himself nourish and refresh my soul to everlasting life with His crucified body and shed blood.

[1] Matt.

26:26-28; Mark 14:22-24; Luke 22:19, 20; I Cor.

11:23-25.

76.

Q.

What does it mean to eat the crucified body of Christ and to drink His shed blood?

A. First, to accept with a believing heart all the suffering and the death of Christ, and so receive forgiveness of sins and life eternal.[1]

Second, to be united more and more to His sacred body through the Holy Spirit, who lives both in Christ and in us.[2] Therefore, although Christ is in heaven[3] and we are on earth, yet we are flesh of His flesh and bone of His bones,[4] and we forever live and are governed by one Spirit, as the members of our body are by one soul.[5]

[1] John 6:35, 40, 50-54.

[2] John 6:55, 56; I Cor.

12:13.

[3] Acts 1:9-11; 3:21; I Cor.

11:26; Col. 3:1.

[4] I Cor.

6:15, 17; Eph.

5:29, 30; I John 4:13.

[5] John 6:56-58; 15:1-6; Eph.

4:15, 16; I John 3:24.

77.

Q.

Where has Christ promised that He will nourish and refresh believers with His body and blood as surely as they eat of this broken bread and drink of this cup?

A. In the institution of the Lord's supper: The Lord Jesus on the night when He was betrayed took bread, and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, "This is my body which is for you.

Do this in remembrance of me."

In the same way also the cup, after supper, saying, "Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me."

For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until He comes (I Corinthians 11:23-26).

This promise is repeated by Paul where he says: The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ?

The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ?

Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one bread (I Corinthians 10:16, 17).

78.

Q. Are then the bread and wine changed into the real body and blood of Christ?

A. No. Just as the water of baptism is not changed into the blood of Christ and is not the washing away of sins itself but is simply God's sign and pledge,[1] so also the bread in the Lord's supper does not become the body of Christ itself,[2] although it is called Christ's body[3] in keeping with the nature and usage of sacraments.[4]

[1] Eph. 5:26; Tit.

3:5.

[2] Matt.

26:26-29.

[3] I Cor.

10:16, 17; 11:26-28.

[4] Gen. 17:10, 11; Ex. 12:11, 13; I Cor.

10:3, 4; I Pet.

3:21.

79.

Q.

Why then does Christ call the bread His body and the cup His blood, or the new covenant in His blood, and why does Paul speak of a participation in the body and blood of Christ?

A. Christ speaks in this way for a good reason: He wants to teach us by His supper that as bread and wine sustain us in this temporal life, so His crucified body and shed blood are true food and drink for our souls to eternal life.[1]

But, even more important, He wants to assure us by this visible sign and pledge, first, that through the working of the Holy Spirit we share in His true body and blood as surely as we receive with our mouth these holy signs in remembrance of Him,[2] and, second, that all His suffering and obedience are as certainly ours as if we personally had suffered and paid for our sins.[3]

[1] John 6:51, 55. [2] I Cor.

10:16, 17; 11:26.

[3] Rom. 6:5-11.

80. Q.

What difference is there between the Lord's supper and the papal mass?

A. The Lord's supper testifies to us, first, that we have complete forgiveness of all our sins through the one sacrifice of Jesus Christ, which He Himself accomplished on the cross once for all;[1] and, second, that through the Holy Spirit we are grafted into Christ,[2] who with His true body is now in heaven at the right hand of the Father,[3] and this is where He wants to be worshipped.[4]

But the mass teaches, first, that the living and the dead do not have forgiveness of sins through the suffering of Christ unless He is still offered for them daily by the priests; and, second, that Christ is bodily present in the form of bread and wine, and there is to be worshipped.

Therefore the mass is basically nothing but a denial of the one sacrifice and suffering of Jesus Christ, and an accursed idolatry.

[1] Matt.

26:28; John 19:30; Heb.

7:27; 9:12, 25, 26; 10:10-18.

[2] I Cor.

6:17; 10:16, 17. [3] Joh. 20:17; Acts 7:55, 56; Heb.

1:3; 8:1.

[4] John 4:21-24; Phil.

3:20; Col. 3:1; I Thess.