Gift of tongues

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The divine enabling of a believer to use a language, unknown to the speaker. The gift of tongues may be used to praise God or to utter a message from God that, supplemented by the gift of interpretation of tongues, edifies other believers. Note that “tongues” can simply mean “other languages” at times.

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Tongues is a gift of the Holy Spirit

It is given to individual believers

Acts 2:4 LEB

And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages as the Spirit gave them ability to speak out.

See also 1 Co 12:11; 1 Co 12:30 it is not universal among Christians

It was foretold in the OT

1 Co 14:21; Is 28:11

It is a divine gift in response to faith

Mark 16:17 LEB

And these signs will accompany those who believe: in my name they will expel demons, they will speak in new tongues,

It may be given through the laying on of hands

Acts 19:6 LEB

And when Paul laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them and they began to speak in tongues and to prophesy.

It is a sign of the presence of the Holy Spirit

Acts 10:44–46 LEB

While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who were listening to the message. And those believers from the circumcision who had accompanied Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles, for they heard them speaking in tongues and glorifying God. Then Peter said,

Tongues in relation to other gifts

The need for love

1 Corinthians 13:1 LEB

If I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but do not have love, I have become a ringing brass gong or a clashing cymbal.

The need for prophecy

1 Corinthians 14:4–6 LEB

The one who speaks in a tongue edifies himself, but the one who prophesies edifies the church. Now I want you all to speak with tongues, but even more that you may prophesy. The one who prophesies is greater than the one who speaks with tongues, unless he interprets, in order that the church may receive edification. But now, brothers, if I come to you speaking with tongues, how do I benefit you, unless I speak to you either with a revelation or with knowledge or with a prophecy or with a teaching?

The need for intelligibility

See also 1 Co 14:9; 1 Co 14:13; 1 Co 14:16–19; 1 Co 14:23

The need for interpretation

1 Co 12:8–10; 1 Co 14:12–13

The transience of tongues

1 Corinthians 13:8 LEB

Love never ends. But if there are prophecies, they will pass away. If there are tongues, they will cease. If there is knowledge, it will pass away.

The use of tongues within the church

In prayer and praise

See also Ro 8:26; 1 Co 14:14–15; 1 Co 14:26; 1 Co 14:28; Eph 6:18; Jud 20

For the benefit of believers

1 Corinthians 12:7–10 LEB

But to each one is given the manifestation of the Spirit for what is beneficial to all. For to one is given a word of wisdom through the Spirit, and to another a word of knowledge by the same Spirit, to another faith by the same Spirit, to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit, to another miraculous powers, to another prophecy, to another distinguishing of spirits, to another kinds of tongues, to another interpretation of tongues.

See also 1 Co 14:5; 1 Co 14:16–17; 1 Co 14:26

In public it needs to be augmented by the gift of interpretation

1 Corinthians 14:26–28 LEB

Therefore what should you do, brothers? Whenever you come together, each one of you has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has a tongue, has an interpretation. All things must be done for edification. If anyone speaks in a tongue, it must be on one occasion two or at most three, and one after the other, and one must interpret. But if there is no interpreter, he must be silent in the church, but let him speak to himself and to God.