CONSECRATED (EXODUS 12:42-13:16)
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42 It was a night of watching by the Lord, to bring them out of the land of Egypt; so this same night is a night of watching kept to the Lord by all the people of Israel throughout their generations. 43 And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it, 44 but every slave that is bought for money may eat of it after you have circumcised him. 45 No foreigner or hired worker may eat of it. 46 It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house, and you shall not break any of its bones. 47 All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48 If a stranger shall sojourn with you and would keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised. Then he may come near and keep it; he shall be as a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. 49 There shall be one law for the native and for the stranger who sojourns among you.” 50 All the people of Israel did just as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very day the Lord brought the people of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.
43: FOREIGNER = nēkār, a term for persons who are simply not part of the covenant community—“outsiders” might be a suitable translation.
45: FOREIGNER = (tôšāb) would be excluded from the Passover because he or she would be someone without faith in Yahweh who was simply visiting or passing through or staying for a few days or weeks to help with some sort of project.
HIRED WORKER = (śakı̂r) would be disqualified because he or she would be someone without faith in Yahweh who was merely doing some work on a household’s property and staying on the property temporarily while doing so. Neither term refers to a permanent employee or permanent resident.
1 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Consecrate to me all the firstborn. Whatever is the first to open the womb among the people of Israel, both of man and of beast, is mine.” 3 Then Moses said to the people, “Remember this day in which you came out from Egypt, out of the house of slavery, for by a strong hand the Lord brought you out from this place. No leavened bread shall be eaten. 4 Today, in the month of Abib, you are going out. 5 And when the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, you shall keep this service in this month. 6 Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the Lord. 7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days; no leavened bread shall be seen with you, and no leaven shall be seen with you in all your territory. 8 You shall tell your son on that day, ‘It is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ 9 And it shall be to you as a sign on your hand and as a memorial between your eyes, that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth. For with a strong hand the Lord has brought you out of Egypt.
consecrate = to set apart or to give over to yhwh as holy
holy = belonging to god. more humans are like god the more holy they are.
house of slavery = entire nation of israel served entire nation of egypt
abib = ears of grain = spring = nisan (akkadian via babylon) also the time when most domesticated animals gave birth!
keep this service = lit serve the service. israel serves yhwh.
10 You shall therefore keep this statute at its appointed time from year to year. 11 “When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, as he swore to you and your fathers, and shall give it to you, 12 you shall set apart to the Lord all that first opens the womb. All the firstborn of your animals that are males shall be the Lord’s. 13 Every firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck. Every firstborn of man among your sons you shall redeem. 14 And when in time to come your son asks you, ‘What does this mean?’ you shall say to him, ‘By a strong hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt, from the house of slavery. 15 For when Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of animals. Therefore I sacrifice to the Lord all the males that first open the womb, but all the firstborn of my sons I redeem.’ 16 It shall be as a mark on your hand or frontlets between your eyes, for by a strong hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt.”
FIRSTBORN OF EDIBLE/CLEAN ANIMALS WERE GIVEN TO YHWH AS AN OFFERING.
FIRSTBORN OF UNEDIBLE/UNCLEAN ANIMALS WERE REDEEMED BY A SUBSTITUTE OR KILLED.
FIRSTBORN OF HUMANS WERE REDEEMED BY A SUBSTITUTE.
V. 12. LIT. YOU SHALL PASS OVER EVERY FIRST-BORN OF THE WOMB TO YHWH.
WHAT DO WE DO WITH THIS TEXT?
GOD WAS CREATING RHYTHMS AND PATTERNS OF WORSHIP TO SHAPE ISRAEL. THEY WERE TO REMEMBER GOD AND CELEBRATE GOD.
PAST INFORMS AND CONNECTS TO THE PRESENT.
ALSO POINTS TO THE FUTURE.
THIS IS A SHADOW AND TYPE OF JESUS.
JESUS, LIKE AND AS ISRAEL WAS FIRSTBORN. JESUS WAS CONSECRATED TO GOD.
22 And when the time came for their purification according to the Law of Moses, they brought him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord 23 (as it is written in the Law of the Lord, “Every male who first opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord”)
JESUS IS THE NEW AND TRUE ISRAEL. HE BELONGS TO YHWH. HE IS SET APART AND PERFECTLY HOLY.
HIS PERFECT OFFERING IS A PERFECT SUBSTITUTE TO REDEEM AND CONSECRATE HIS PEOPLE.
HEB 12:24 CALLS US "THE CHURCH OF THE FIRSTBORN".
THE NT CONSTANTLY REFERS TO US AS SAINTS. SAINTS MEAN SET APART ONES. HOLY ONES.
WE HAVE BEEN SET APART BY JESUS TO GOD.
WE HAVE BEEN CONSECRATED AND MADE HOLY.
19 Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, 20 for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body.
8 For if we live, we live to the Lord, and if we die, we die to the Lord. So then, whether we live or whether we die, we are the Lord’s.
13 Therefore, preparing your minds for action, and being sober-minded, set your hope fully on the grace that will be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ. 14 As obedient children, do not be conformed to the passions of your former ignorance, 15 but as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, 16 since it is written, “You shall be holy, for I am holy.” 17 And if you call on him as Father who judges impartially according to each one’s deeds, conduct yourselves with fear throughout the time of your exile, 18 knowing that you were ransomed from the futile ways inherited from your forefathers, not with perishable things such as silver or gold, 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot.