Kingdom Economics Faith without Works
James draws the conclusion from the illustration: faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead. The phrase by itself (kath’ heautēn) suggests, as Mayor says, that the faith is ‘… not merely outwardly inoperative but inwardly dead’.12 This kind of faith is ‘in and of itself’ useless, inactive, inert (the meaning of nekros in a context like this; cf. Rom. 7:8; Heb. 6:1; 9:14). The contrast is not, then, between faith and works, but between a faith that ‘has works’ and a faith that does not have works. The latter is, like a body without a spirit (cf. 2:26), lifeless, and profits one nothing on the day of judgment.
The confession of the oneness of God, taken from Deuteronomy 6:4, was part of the Shema, a confession of basic doctrine that the Jew recited twice daily
The word shudder (phrissō) was used in some ancient magical texts ‘of the effect that the sorcerer wishes to bring about by means of his magic’ (MM). It is, says Hort, ‘at once more distant and more prostrate than worship’. But at least it is a response—which is more, apparently, than can be said of some professing Christians who make the same confession!
As important as correct doctrine is, no-one in the early church considered it sufficient for salvation. Genuine faith must go beyond the intellect to the will; it must affect our attitudes and actions as well as our ‘beliefs’. As Mitton says, ‘It is a good thing to possess an accurate theology, but it is unsatisfactory unless that good theology also possesses us.’
O it is a living, busy active mighty thing, this faith. It is impossible for it not to be doing good things incessantly. It does not ask whether good works are to be done, but before the question is asked, it has already done this, and is constantly doing them. Whoever does not do such works, however, is an unbeliever. He gropes and looks around for faith and good works, but knows neither what faith is nor what good works are. Yet he talks and talks, with many words, about faith and good works.