Seder Meal
The Seder
Following is a Christian version of the Jewish Passover Seder, or ritual meal, modified for use in families. It is most effective in teaching children (and parents, too) the tradition of the Mass, a representation of the Last Supper of our Lord with his apostles, where He instituted the sacrifice of the Mass and the priesthood.
If you are planning to go to Church for the Holy Thursday evening Mass, remember to start the seder meal early. Though this Christian version of the Passover Seder is much abbreviated, it still takes longer than the usual week-day family dinner.
ELEMENTS OF THE MEAL
Lamb The word 'pesach' (pasch, passover) applies to the Lamb of sacrifice as well as to the deliverance from Egypt and to the feast itself.
Unleavened bread (Matzoh) called "bread of affliction" because it recalls the unleavened bread prepared for the hasty flight by night from Egypt. Three large matzohs are broken and consumed during the ceremony.
Bitter herbs (Moror) is a reminder of the bitterness of slavery and suffering in Egypt.
Green herbs to be dipped in salt water. Salt water represents tears of sorrow shed during the captivity of the Lord's people.
Haroseth (or 'haroses') represents the mortar used by Jews in building palaces and pyramids of Egypt during their slavery. (It is a mixture of chopped apples, nuts, cinnamon and wine.)
Wine is dipped from a common bowl. The 'Four Cups,' Thanksgiving, Hagadah ('telling'), Blessing, and Melchisedek ('righteousness'), are "four different words for redemption, spoken by God to Moses."
PREPARING THE SEDER
The suggested menu is purposely very simple with a vaguely Middle-Eastern flavor. Some of the ceremonial foods can be part of the meal. You could, of course, make substitutions and additions, so long as the main elements (above) are included. Christians are not bound by Jewish dietary rules or customs. It would be wise to read through the entire ritual before you begin.
Menu Suggestions for Seder Meal
Roast lamb (or chicken or turkey)
Spinach or other dark green vegetable
Green salad, with dressing; or celery
Rice seasoned with herbs
Ratatouille (eggplant and zucchini with garlic & tomato)
Matzoh (bread)
Haroseth (dessert)
Foods needed for seder ceremony
Green herbs (parsley or celery); Bitter herb (horseradish); salt water; 3 matzohs, wrapped separately in napkins on a plate; red wine.
Other items for the ceremony:
Candles (one or more); bowl and dipper or carafe for wine; small pitcher containing water, a bowl and a hand towel. Traditionally, the mother's head is covered with a white cloth.
You will also need Hakishut or a china dinner plate or platter with the following ceremonial foods arranged on it: Green herbs (parsley or lettuce); Bitter herb (horseradish); a boiled egg; Haroseth. (A Hakishut is a ceremonial plate made especially for seders, available from a Jewish religious goods store.)
Each person should have these items already on a plate in front of them before the ceremonial meal begins: Parsley sprig; small amounts of horseradish and haroseth; and a small dish containing salt water (tiny oriental sauce dishes are perfect and inexpensive.)
Everyone should have a copy of the ritual, as the prayers and Psalms are read by all.
The table should be set as for any other important meal with these inclusions:
- The four large matzohs (unleavened bread), each wrapped in a napkin are on a plate placed near the father's place.
- The pitcher of water, bowl and a small towel, for the ritual washing of hands, should be near the father's place.
- The bowl or carafe of red wine should be in front of the father.
- The candle (or candles) should be in front of the mother for her to light.
- Everyone should have a glass or cup for the wine.
To make unleavened bread (matzoh):
Mix together 1 cup whole wheat (graham) flour, 3 tablespoons oil, a pinch of salt and enough water to make a pliable but not sticky dough. Knead about 10 or 15 times, adding a little flour to pastry board, if necessary, to keep the dough from sticking. Divide the dough into four pieces, and roll out each piece on a sheet of waxed paper about 9" in diameter (or until bread is about 1/8" thick.) Prick the bread with a fork; then peel off the paper, placing bread on cookie sheets. Bake bread at 400° until crisp but not brown (approximately 8-10 minutes).
To make haroseth:
Partially peel and chop or finely dice 6 to 8 apples, leaving some skin on. Add coarsely ground walnuts or pecans (about a third as many as apples) and an equal amount of raisins. Season with cinnamon, honey and a little sweet red wine.
READERS IN THE CEREMONY
Father: (or priest) leads the service.
Mother: lights candles, blesses the light.
Youngest Child: asks "the four questions" about the meaning of Passover.
THE PASCHAL MEAL
I - Kindling of the festival lights
Symbolizes the coming of the Messiah, the Light of the World
The mother lights the candles. All stand.
MOTHER'S PRAYER:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe,
Who hast sanctified us by Thy commandments and commanded us to kindle the festival lights.
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe,
Who hast kept us alive and sustained us and brought us to this season.
May our home be consecrated, O God, by the Light of Thy countenance, shining upon us in blessing and bringing us peace.
ALL: AMEN
II - Kiddush
The Cup of Thanksgiving - Blessing of the Feast
On a plate before each person is a dish of salt-water, some horseradish, green herb (e.g. parsley) and haroseth. A bowl of wine is set at the father's place.
FATHER'S PRAYER:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who hast chosen us above all peoples, and hast exalted us above all tongues, and hast hallowed us with Thy commandments.
In love hast Thou given us, O Lord our God, seasons for gladness, holy-days, and times for rejoicing, this day of the feast of the unleavened bread, the time of our freedom, an assembly day of holiness, a memorial to the Exodus from Egypt.
For Thou hast chosen us and hast sanctified us above all peoples, and Thou hast given us Thy sacred seasons for our inheritance.
Blessed art Thou, O Lord, Who dost sanctify Israel and the festivals.
The Cup of Thanksgiving is distributed. Holding the wine, the people say,
ALL:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who dost create the fruit of the vine.
All drink.
The father ceremonially washes his hands by pouring water from a small pitcher into a basin, wiping his hands with a napkin, while praying,
FATHER:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who hast hallowed us with Thy commandments and hast commanded us concerning the washing of hands.
All take the green herb, dip it in the salt-water, and say:
ALL:
Blessed are Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who dost create the fruit of the soil.
All eat the green herb.
The father uncovers and lifts slightly the first of the three large pieces of unleavened bread which are each wrapped in a linen napkin on a plate before him.
FATHER:
Behold! This is the bread of affliction which our fathers ate in the land of Egypt.
Let all who are hungry come and eat. Let all who are in want come and celebrate the Passover with us. May it be God's will to redeem us from all evil and from all slavery.
III - HAGADAH
Telling, instruction - Story of deliverance from Egypt Exodus 13:8
The Cup of Hagadah, the second cup of wine, is poured. The youngest person present asks the four traditional questions.
YOUNGEST CHILD:
Why is this night different from all other nights?
On all other nights we eat either leavened or unleavened bread. Why on this night do we eat only unleavened bread?
On all other nights we eat all kinds of herbs. Why on this night do we eat especially bitter herbs?
On all other nights we do not dip herbs in any condiment. Why on this night do we dip them in salt water and haroses?
On all other nights we eat without special festivities. Why on this night do we hold this Passover service?
FATHER:
The Syrians pursued our fathers who went down into Egypt and sojourned there in a very small number, and grew into a nation great and strong and of an infinite multitude. And the Egyptians afflicted us and persecuted us, laying on us most grievous burdens. And we cried to the Lord God of our fathers, Who heard us, and looked down upon our affliction and labor and distress. And He brought us out of Egypt with a strong hand, and a stretched-out arm, with great terror, with signs and wonders.
Therefore, even if all of us were wise and well-versed in the Torah, it would still be our duty from year to year to tell the story of our deliverance from Egypt. Indeed to dwell at length on it is accounted praiseworthy.
Read from Book of Exodus, Chapter 12.
The Paschal Lamb is brought in and placed before the father at the head of the table. The father lifts the lamb, and all ask:
ALL:
What is the meaning of pesach?
FATHER:
Pesach means the paschal lamb which our forefathers sacrificed to the Lord in memory of that night when the Holy One passed over the houses of our fathers in Egypt, as it is written: "When your children shall say to you: What is the meaning of this service? You shall say to them: It is the victim of the passage of the Lord, when He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, striking the Egyptians, and saving our houses." (Exodus 12:26-27)
The father again uncovers the first piece of unleavened bread and holds it.
ALL:
What is the meaning of matzoh?
FATHER:
This is the bread of affliction which our fathers took with them out of Egypt as it is written: "And they baked the meal, which a little before they had brought out of Egypt, in dough: and they made earth cakes unleavened: for it could not be leavened, the Egyptians pressing them to depart, and not suffering them to make any stay: neither did they think of preparing any meat." (Exodus 12:39.)
The father lifts up the bitter herb, while all ask:
ALL:
What is the meaning of moror?
FATHER:
Moror means bitter herb. We eat moror to recall that the Egyptians embittered the lives of our fathers, as it is written: "And the Egyptians hated the children of Israel, and afflicted them and mocked them: And they made their life bitter with hard works in clay, and brick, and with all manner of service wherewith they were overcharged in the works of the earth." (Exodus 1:13-14.)
IV - HALLEL PSALM
Thanksgiving for deliverance from Egypt
As a preface to the Hallel psalm, the father, lifts his cup of wine and says,
FATHER:
In every generation each one ought to regard himself as though he had personally come out of Egypt, as it is written: "And thou shalt tell thy son in that day, saying: This is what the Lord did to me when I came forth out of Egypt." (Exodus 13:8)
Therefore, it is our duty to thank, praise, laud, glorify, extol bless exalt and adore Him Who did all of these miracles for our fathers and for ourselves. He has brought us forth from slavery to freedom, from sorrow to joy, from mourning to festive day, from darkness to a great light, and from subjection to redemption. Let us then recite before Him a new song.
He sets down his cup of wine without drinking it.
ALL STAND and recite Psalm 113 (Douay. 114 KJV.)
ALL:
HALLELUJAH, praise ye the Lord!
FATHER:
When Israel went out of Egypt: The house of Jacob from a barbarous people:
ALL:
All Judea was made his sanctuary: Israel his dominion.
FATHER:
The sea saw and fled: Jordan was turned back.
ALL:
The mountains skipped like rams: And the hills like the lambs of the flock.
FATHER:
What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou didst flee:
And thou, O Jordan, that thou was turned back?
ALL:
Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams:
And ye hills like lambs of the flock?
FATHER:
At the presence of the Lord the earth was moved:
At the presence of the God of Jacob:
ALL:
Who turned the rock into pools of water:
And the stony hill into fountains of waters.
HALLELUJAH, Praise ye the Lord!
All are seated.
V. THE SOLEMN BLESSING OF THE FOOD
The father takes the cup in his hand and says:
FATHER:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who hast redeemed us and hast redeemed our fathers from Egypt, and has permitted us to live unto this night, to partake on it of the unleavened bread and the bitter herbs.
So may the Lord our God and the God of our fathers, permit us to live unto other festive seasons and holy days.
May Thy will be done through Jacob, Thy chosen servant, so that Thy name shall be sanctified in the midst of all the earth, and that all peoples be moved to worship Thee with one accord.
And we shall sing new songs of praise unto Thee, for our redemption and for the deliverance of our souls.
Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who dost redeem Israel.
ALL:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe, Who dost create the fruit of the vine.
All drink the second cup of wine, the Cup of Hagadah.
The father then takes up the matzoh and blesses it with the following prayer:
FATHER:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who dost bring forth bread from the earth.
He then breaks the matzoh into pieces and gives a piece to each person. Holding the bread in their hands, they say:
ALL:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who hast sanctified us by Thy commandments and hast commanded us concerning the eating of unleavened bread.
All eat the bread.
FATHER:
Let us combine the unleavened bread and the bitter herbs and eat them together, as it is written: "With unleavened bread and with bitter herbs they shall eat it."
All place bitter herb and haroseth between two pieces of unleavened bread and say together:
ALL:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who hast sanctified us by Thy commandments and hast commanded us concerning the eating of bitter herbs.
VI - THE PASCHAL SUPPER
Other foods are brought in and the people eat the meal. The second matzoh may be consumed with the meal.
VII - THE CUP OF BLESSING
At the end of the meal, the father takes the last matzoh from the plate, breaks and distributes it to all.
As it was the custom to end the Passover meal with eating this final piece of unleavened bread, it was probably at this point that Our Lord blessed the bread, broke it and gave it to his disciples saying: "This is my body, which is given for thee." (Luke 22:19.)
All hold the bread in their hands while the father says:
FATHER:
Let us bless the Lord.
ALL:
May the name of the Lord be blessed from now unto eternity.
FATHER:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who dost feed the entire world with Thy goodness, with grace, with loving kindness and with pity. He gives bread to all flesh, for His loving kindness endureth forever. And in His great goodness,food has not been, and shall not be lacking for us, forever and ever, for the sake of His great name; for He is God, Who feeds and supports all, and does good unto all, and prepares food for all His creatures, which He did create.
ALL:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord, Who feedest all Thy creatures.
All eat the bread.
The third cup of wine, The Cup of Blessing, is poured.
ALL STAND.
FATHER:
What shall I render to the Lord:
For all the things that he hath rendered to me?
ALL:
I will take the chalice of salvation:
And I will call upon the name of the Lord.
FATHER:
I will pay my vows to the Lord:
Before all His people.
ALL:
Precious in the sight of the Lord:
Is the death of His saints.
FATHER:
O Lord, for I am thy servant:
I am Thy servant, and the son of Thine handmaid.
ALL:
Thou hast broken my bonds:
I will sacrifice to Thee the sacrifice of praise, and I will call upon the name of the Lord.
FATHER:
I will pay my vows to the Lord in the sight of all His people:
In the courts of the house of the Lord, in the midst of thee, O Jerusalem.
ALL:
Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who hast created the fruit of the vine.
All drink the Cup of Blessing.
VIII - THE CUP OF MELCHISEDEK
The Final Blessing
The fourth cup of wine is filled. Melchisedek gave bread and wine to Abraham and blessed him. The name 'Melchisedek' means King of Righteousness. As Priest-King of Salem (Jerusalem - 'peace') he is the Old Testament 'Type' of Jesus Christ, of the eternal priesthood. (Gen. 14:18-19, Ps. 110, Heb. 5:6, 7.)
All raise their cups and say,
ALL:
Praised art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe,
Who hast created the fruit of the vine.
All drink the fourth cup. The ceremony concludes with the blessing from Numbers 6:24-26 that the Lord instructed Moses to give to the people.
FATHER:
The Lord bless thee and keep thee:
The Lord make His face to shine upon thee and have mercy on thee!
May the Lord lift up His countenance upon thee and give thee peace!
ALL:
Amen. Amen. Amen. +