Love God, Love Others, Be Free.
James therefore first asks, Is it not the rich who are exploiting you? James, as we have seen, treats the majority of the Christians to whom he writes as poor. Contributing to this poverty, he now suggests, are the immoral and perhaps illegal practices of rich people. The strongly marked socioeconomic class distinction presupposed here corresponds closely to what we know of conditions in the first-century Middle East. A small group of wealthy landowners and merchants accumulated more and more power, while large numbers of people were forced from their land and grew even poorer. Most of James’s readers probably belonged to this class of poor agricultural laborers. The scenario is one that would be very familiar to readers of the OT. The prophets frequently denounce (even using the same verb James uses here, katadynasteuō) rich people who “oppress” the poor (Amos 4:1), including orphans and widows (Ezek. 22:7).