Conflicting Kingdoms: Battle Armour
Kingdoms
RULERS/PRINCIPALITIES/POWERS
Mind Renewal
6:11 full armor of God The book of Isaiah contains imagery similar to Paul’s (Isa 11:4–5; 52:7; 59:17).
able to stand A military expression that refers to a posture of opposition toward an enemy.
stratagems of the devil Refers to the devil’s efforts to disrupt the Church. Paul may have in mind the divisions and false teachings he mentions earlier in the letter (e.g., Eph 4:14, 22, 31; 5:6; compare 2 Cor 2:11). Paul’s use of the Greek word methodeia suggests that the devil is cunning and uses deception to advance his evil purposes (2 Cor 11:3).
6:12 forces of wickedness Refers to hostile supernatural entities. Because of Christ’s victory over the evil powers, believers have courage and strength to resist them (Eph 1:19–21; 3:10; Col 2:15).
The Christian is called to engage this enemy on a deeply personal level; fittingly, the verb used here is not “battle” but “wrestle,” which suggests close contact and strenuous warfare.
6:14 The first specific piece of armor (“truth”) is appropriate seeing that the enemy does not employ brute force but subtlety. He hides his fatal weapons under a fair cloak, thus making evil to appear good. His blasphemous lies at first have the ring of enlightenment and profound wisdom, and his attacks often come through beguiling heresy (1 Tim. 4:1; 1 John 4:1). The girdle (or belt) enabled the warrior to fight furiously without hindrance. Isaiah metaphorically envisioned Jehovah as wearing such a belt when He avenged his people (Isa. 11:4–5). The same is true of the breastplate imagery, except that it is derived from Isa. 59:17. To put on the breastplate of righteousness is to don God’s own righteousness—a righteousness that informs our ethics and enables us to become “followers (imitators) of God” (Eph. 5:1).
6:15 In preparing the Christian soldier, Paul referenced Isa. 52:7, where the prophet envisioned Jehovah’s messengers bringing tidings of true peace. For Paul, this true peace stabilized the Christian, prepared him for spiritual battle, and equipped him with a voice to be an effective messenger of the good news.
6:18 The same Spirit that gives us access to the Father (Eph. 2:18) guides the believer’s prayers (petitions). Unlike the preceding elements of Eph. 6:13–17, Paul did not attach prayer to a metaphor, perhaps because prayer summarizes the very act of putting on the Lord’s armor. Every spiritual battle carried out against a spiritual foe must include prayer. The New Testament constantly charges believers to be watchful, and the call to watchfulness almost always appears in an apocalyptic context (Mark 14:38; Luke 21:34–36; 1 Cor. 16:22; Rev. 22:20). The believer’s prayers and vigilance are certainly not an exercise in futility, but are directly linked to the well-being of the saints.
6:13 Therefore. Because the Christian’s enemies are superhuman spiritual forces, he cannot rely upon mere human resources but must take up the whole armor of God (see note on v. 11). The divine armor and “sword of the Spirit”—which belong to the Lord himself and to his Messiah in Isa. 11:4–5 and 59:17—are made available for believers. withstand. Along with “stand” in Eph. 6:11 and stand firm later in v. 13, Paul portrays Christians as soldiers in the battle line holding fast against the enemy’s charge. evil day. In 5:16 Paul identifies this whole age as “evil days,” yet the outbreak of the Satanic onslaught against Christ’s people ebbs and flows throughout this era until the final day when the Lord of Hosts will return in power and great glory (Luke 21:27) to rend the heavens and rescue his people forever.
6:14–17 Standing Firm. Paul reiterates the charge to stand in the face of dreaded spiritual enemies because the Lord has not left his people defenseless. They have the complete armor of God from head to foot, which consists of the belt, breastplate, shoes, shield, helmet, and sword. These are metaphors for the spiritual resources given to them in Christ, namely, the truth, righteousness (v. 14), gospel (v. 15), faith (v. 16), salvation, and the Word of God (v. 17). As mentioned in the note on v. 13, these are aspects of God’s and the Messiah’s own character and work (as depicted in Isaiah) with which Christians are now equipped. For example, the Lord saw no one to deliver his oppressed people, so he put on his own “breastplate [of righteousness]” and “helmet of salvation” (Isa. 59:17; cf. Eph. 6:14, 17) before coming in wrath against his enemies.