Study of Ephesians - Part 1
Grace • Peace • Love • Power
This is the view that the letter was not addressed to one congregation but to several, or to the whole network of Pauline churches (see on 1:1). Paul, awaiting martyrdom in a Roman gaol, would be speaking, as it were, urbi et orbi, summoning the universal Church, enthroned with Christ and assured of salvation, to unity and holiness of life
Message
Paul opens the letter to the Ephesians with a celebration of God’s blessings: “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ” (Eph 1:3). In many ways this single sentence summarizes the message of Paul’s letter: God is to be praised for His work in Christ which, by God’s grace, is “for us.” The structure of the letter, which divides the content of Ephesians into halves, reflects the central theme. In Ephesians 1–3 Paul discusses—through thanksgiving, prayer, and explanation—God’s cosmic work of reconciliation in Christ, and in Eph 4–6 he explicates how believers ought to respond to God’s work in Christ, living a life characterized by unity, peace, and being filled with the Spirit.
Themes
There are three key themes in Ephesians. First, the central theological emphasis of the letter is God’s work of reconciliation in Christ (Eph 2:1–10). Through the death of Christ, God has brought together Jews and Gentiles to create “one new humanity” (Eph 2:15). God’s work of reconciliation also extends to all of creation, which is subject to Christ, who reigns at the right hand of God in the heavenlies (Eph 1:20–23). Second, God’s work of reconciliation in Christ requires believers to live a life worthy of God’s salvation that they have received. Beginning in Ephesians 4:1, Paul urges his readers to “walk” as “imitators of God” in terms of personal conduct (Eph 4:17–5:14), relationships (Eph 5:15–21), and the household (Eph 5:22–6:9). Third, the presence of evil powers—despite that they are subject to Christ (Eph 1:20–21)—requires believers to engage in spiritual warfare against the powers who seek to destroy the character of believers and the unity of the body of Christ. For this reason Paul calls the Ephesians to take up the armor of God in Eph 6:10–20.