Testing and Triumph

The Passion of Christ  •  Sermon  •  Submitted
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Introduction

1 Peter 5:8 NASB95
8 Be of sober spirit, be on the alert. Your adversary, the devil, prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour.
Luke 22:31 NASB95
31 “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded permission to sift you like wheat;
Luke 22:31 UBS5
31 Σίμων Σίμων, ἰδοὺ ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐξῃτήσατο ὑμᾶς τοῦ σινιάσαι ὡς τὸν σῖτον

But in that night they understood none of these things. While all were staggering under the blow of their predicted scattering, the Lord seems to have turned to Peter individually. What He said, and how He put it, equally demand our attention: ‘Simon, Simon’d—using his old name when referring to the old man in him—‘Satan has obtained [out-asked, ἐξῃτήσατο] you, for the purpose of sifting like as wheat. But I have made supplication for thee, that thy faith fail not.’ The words admit us into two mysteries of heaven. This night seems to have been ‘the power of darkness,’ when, left of God, Christ had to meet by Himself the whole assault of hell, and to conquer in His own strength as Man’s Substitute and Representative. It is a great mystery: but quite consistent with itself. We do not, as others, here see any analogy to the permission given to Satan in the opening chapters of the Book of Job, always supposing that this embodies a real, not an allegorical story. But in that night the fierce wind of hell was allowed to sweep unbroken over the Saviour, and even to expend its fury upon those that stood behind in His Shelter. Satan had ‘out-asked, obtained it—yet not to destroy, nor to cast down, but ‘to sift,’ like as wheat1 is shaken in a sieve to cast out of it what is not grain. Hitherto, and no farther, had Satan obtained it. In that night of Christ’s Agony and loneliness, of the utmost conflict between Christ and Satan, this seems almost a necessary element.

This, then, was the first mystery that had passed. And this sifting would affect Peter more than the others. Judas, who loved not Jesus at all, had already fallen; Peter, who loved Him—perhaps not most intensely, but, if the expression be allowed, most extensely—stood next to Judas in danger. In truth, though most widely apart in their directions, the springs of their inner life rose in close proximity. There was the same readiness to kindle into enthusiasm, the same desire to have public opinion with him, the same shrinking from the Cross, the same moral inability or unwillingness to stand alone, in the one as in the other. Peter had abundant courage to sally out, but not to stand out. Viewed in its primal elements (not in its development), Peter’s character was, among the disciples, the likest to that of Judas. If this shows what Judas might have become, it also explains how Peter was most in danger that night; and, indeed, the husks of him were cast out of the sieve in his denial of the Christ. But what distinguished Peter from Judas was his ‘faith’ of spirit, soul, and heart—of spirit, when he apprehended the spiritual element in Christ;a of soul, when he confessed Him as the Christ;b and of heart, when he could ask Him to sound the depths of his inner being, to find there real, personal love to Jesus.c

Job 1:6–12 NASB95
6 Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came among them. 7 The Lord said to Satan, “From where do you come?” Then Satan answered the Lord and said, “From roaming about on the earth and walking around on it.” 8 The Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered My servant Job? For there is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, fearing God and turning away from evil.” 9 Then Satan answered the Lord, “Does Job fear God for nothing? 10 “Have You not made a hedge about him and his house and all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his possessions have increased in the land. 11 “But put forth Your hand now and touch all that he has; he will surely curse You to Your face.” 12 Then the Lord said to Satan, “Behold, all that he has is in your power, only do not put forth your hand on him.” So Satan departed from the presence of the Lord.
Job 2:1–7 NASB95
1 Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came among them to present himself before the Lord. 2 The Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Then Satan answered the Lord and said, “From roaming about on the earth and walking around on it.” 3 The Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered My servant Job? For there is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man fearing God and turning away from evil. And he still holds fast his integrity, although you incited Me against him to ruin him without cause.” 4 Satan answered the Lord and said, “Skin for skin! Yes, all that a man has he will give for his life. 5 “However, put forth Your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh; he will curse You to Your face.” 6 So the Lord said to Satan, “Behold, he is in your power, only spare his life.” 7 Then Satan went out from the presence of the Lord and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head.

1 Then he showed me aJoshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, and 1bSatan standing at his right hand to accuse him.

2 The LORD said to Satan, “aThe LORD rebuke you, Satan! Indeed, the LORD who has bchosen Jerusalem rebuke you! Is this not a cbrand plucked from the fire?”

3 Now Joshua was clothed with afilthy garments and standing before the angel.

4 He spoke and said to those who were standing before him, saying, “aRemove the filthy garments from him.” Again he said to him, “See, I have btaken your iniquity away from you and 1will cclothe you with festal robes.”

5 Then I said, “Let them put a clean aturban on his head.” So they put a clean turban on his head and clothed him with garments, while the angel of the LORD was standing by.

6 And the angel of the LORD admonished Joshua, saying,

7 “Thus says the LORD of hosts, ‘If you will awalk in My ways and if you will perform My service, then you will also bgovern My house and also have charge of My ccourts, and I will grant you 1free access among these who are standing here.

8 aBe of sober spirit, bbe on the alert. Your adversary, cthe devil, prowls around like a roaring dlion, seeking someone to devour.

9 1aBut resist him, bfirm in your faith, knowing that cthe same experiences of suffering are being accomplished by your 2brethren who are in the world.

שָׂטָן:—1. accuser, adversary: a) human: 1 K 5:18; b) malʾak yhwh + Nu 22:22, 32;—2. spec. supernatural figure: haśśāṭān, the Satan + Zc 3:1f; Jb 1:6–2:7 (14 ×); > śāṭān (proper name) + 1 C 21:1

The disciples, especially Simon, will have to learn how to withstand the enemy of God:
Σίμων3 vocative Simon proper name
Σίμων, duplicated Simon proper name
Why did Jesus use “Simon, Simon”?
“Peter” is used at his weakest moment-Luke 22:54-65; cp. John 18:12-27.
ἰδοὺ interjection behold/look!
ὁ Σατανᾶς msnom proper name the Satan
Review from OT.
In the garden - Genesis 3:1-5
Numbering Israel 1 Chronicles 21:1
Accusing Job Job 1:6; 2:1
Accusing Joshua, the High Priest Zechariah 3:1ff
Review form the NT
Tempted Jesus - Matthew 4:1-11; Mark 1:12-13; Luke 4:1-13
Sowed seeds of evil ones in the world - Matthew 13:39; Mark 4:14; Luke 8:12
The architect of Judaism - John 8:44; Revelation 2:9; Revelation 3:9
Hell was created for him and his servants - Matthew 25:41
Entered Judas twice - Luke 22:3; John 13:27
Kept a woman in physical deformity - Luke 13:11, 16
Filled the heart of Ananias - Acts 5:3
Attendees in churches can be handed over to Satan to destroy the flesh - 1 Corinthians 5:5; 1 Timothy 1:20
Satan can tempt Christians by their weakenesses - 1 Corinthians 7:5
He has schemes/methods/mechasims of trickery - 2 Corinthians 2:11
Disguises himself as an angel of God/light/righteousness - 2 Corinthians 11:14
Sends specific workers to assault God’s servants/people - 2 Corinthians 12:7
He can slow down the spread of the gospel - 1 Thessalonians 2:18
He can snatch some out of the church - 1 Timothy 5:15
He can rule through the Gentiles - Revelation 2:13; 1 Timothy 5:19
He accuses the saints of God all day, every day - Revelation 12:10
He will empower the Antichrist - Revelation 13:7-8; 2 Thessalonians 2:8-10
He will be incarcerated in Hell for 1,000 years and released at the end of the Millennium - Revelation 20:7
He will be cast into a lake of fire to be burned forever - Revelation 20:10
Besides God, Satan is the most extensively referred to personage in the Bible.
The devil is the anti-Messiah who winnows (cf. Mt. 3:12) or sifts the wheat. He has the right to bring to light the evil in men5 and to recall their guilt before God. He plays the role of the κατήγορος (q.v.), just as in Zech 3:1 ff. he is portrayed as a heavenly official, and as an instrument of ethical detection1
1 Stählin, Gustav. 1964–. “Αἰτέω, Αἴτημα, Ἀπαιτέω, Ἐξαιτέω, Παραιτέομαι.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, edited by Gerhard Kittel, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich, electronic ed., 1:194. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
“Satan”
Used 5x’s in Luke
Luke 10:18
Luke 11:18
Luke 13:16
Luke 22:3
Luke 22:31
Used 3x’s in Matthew
Matthew 4:10
Matthew 12:26
Matthew 16:23
Used 6x’s in Mark
Mark 1:13
Mark 3:23
Mark 3:26
Mark 4:15
Mark 8:33
Used 1x in John
John 13:27
ἐξῃτήσατο 3s aaind he has asked out from/demand
  † ἐξαιτέω
“To demand of.” a. “to require”: (act.) BGU, 944, 8; b. “To demand the freedom of”: (mid.) Plut. Pericl., 32 (I, 169e); c. “To demand the surrender of”: (act.) Jos. Ant., 5, 152 (== αἰτέω πρὸς τιμωρίαν, 5, 153); (mid.) Jos. Ant., 16, 272.
Lk. 22:31: ὁ σατανᾶς ἐξῃτήσατο ὑμᾶς τοῦ σινιάσαι ὡς τὸν σῖτον. A case may be made out here for a. or b.2; but c. is more likely in the sense that the devil demands the test, as in Job 1 f. to which Jesus clearly alludes. The devil is the anti-Messiah who winnows (cf. Mt. 3:12) or sifts the wheat. He has the right to bring to light the evil in men5 and to recall their guilt before God. He plays the role of the κατήγορος (q.v.), just as in Zech 3:1 ff. he is portrayed as a heavenly official, and as an instrument of ethical detection in Job 1 f. In later Judaism, too, the devil is the accuser קָטֵיגוֹר‎ == κατήγωρ., 10 Jesus opposes His request (ἐδεήθην, v. 32) to the devilish demand (Bengel). The latter is conceded, but Jesus sees to it that Peter survives the test.
Cf. Test. B. 3:3: ἐὰν τὰ πνεύματα τοῦ βελίαρ εἰς πᾶσαν πονηρίαν τοῦ θλίβειν ἐξαιτήσωνται ὑμᾶς …; Plut. Def. Orac., 14 (II, 417d): ἰσχυροὶ καὶ βίαιοι δαίμονες ἐξαιτούμενοι ψυχὴν ἀνθρωπίνην.1
1 Stählin, Gustav. 1964–. “Αἰτέω, Αἴτημα, Ἀπαιτέω, Ἐξαιτέω, Παραιτέομαι.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, edited by Gerhard Kittel, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich, electronic ed., 1:194. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
ὑμᾶς plural personal pronoun you
This is plural??
All the disciples constitute the object of the request, and ὑμᾶς should be translated ‘all of you’ to make this clear in English.1
1 Marshall, I. Howard. 1978. The Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Exeter: Paternoster Press.
Why would Jesus be appealing to Simon concerning Satan’s demand to sift all of these men like a farmer sifts wheat?
τοῦ σινιάσαι msgen aainf to sift/winnow
σινιάζω (< σίνιον, a sieve), = σήθω, to sift, winnow: fig., Lk 22:31.†
ὡς comparative particle as/like
τὸν σῖτον msacc wheat
The thoughts of apostasy, self-seeking and betrayal which have been thematic throughout the Supper scene reach a new peak in this brief episode in which the denial of Peter is prophesied; it is true that Peter protests his loyalty to the point of readiness for imprisonment and death, but this protestation only makes his eventual failure the more heinous. Nevertheless, although the denial is inevitable, there is a new motif in the Lucan account which sheds light on what is happening. Peter’s fall is part of Satan’s scheme which was aimed at procuring the apostasy of all the disciples; but it is withstood by Jesus who prays that Peter’s faith may not completely lapse under temptation, so that he may ultimately be the means of strengthening his fellow-disciples. The temptation is thus placed in a cosmic setting.1
1 Marshall, I. Howard. 1978. The Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Exeter: Paternoster Press.
Luke 22:32 NASB95
32 but I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail; and you, when once you have turned again, strengthen your brothers.”
Luke 22:32 UBS5
32 ἐγὼ δὲ ἐδεήθην περὶ σοῦ ἵνα μὴ ἐκλίπῃ ἡ πίστις σου· καὶ σύ ποτε ἐπιστρέψας στήρισον τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου.

36 “But akeep on the alert at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are about to take place, and to bstand before the Son of Man.”

Luke 22:32 (UBS5)
32
ἐγὼ personal pronoun I non-emphatic
δὲ conj but
ἐδεήθην 3s aaind I asked/petitioned/begged (for himself)
δέομαι (mid. of δέω, ii, q.v., as depon.), [in LXX for חנן, etc.;] to want for oneself; 1. to want, need: (a) absol.; (b) c. gen. 2. to beg, request, beseech, pray; (i) in general: absol., Ac 26:3, WH; c. gen. pers., Lk 5:12; 8:28, 38 (ἐδεῖτο; T, ἐδέετο, cf. Veitch, s.v. δέω) 9:38, Ac 8:34; 21:39, 2 Co 5:20, Ga 4:12; seq. ἵνα, Lk 9:40; seq. τό, c. inf., 2 Co 10:2; c. gen. pers. et rei, 2 Co 8:4; (ii) of prayer to God: absol., Ac 4:31; seq. εἴ πως, Ro 1:10; ἵνα, Lk 21:36; 22:32; εἰς τό, 1 Th 3:10; ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ πρὸς τ. κύριον, ὅπως, Ac 8:24; C. gen., τοῦ κυρίου, ὅπως, Mt 9:38, Lk 10:2; τοῦ Θεοῦ, Ac 10:2; seq. εἰ ἄρα, Ac 8:22.†
Syn.: αἰτέω, and cf. δέησις.1
1 Abbott-Smith, G. 1922. In A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 101. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
περὶ prep concerning/about
This is in reference to something
σοῦ msgen of you
Jesus had Peter in mind directly.
Jesus prayed for him specifically.
ἵνα conj in order that
This is what He prayed for: that Peter’s faith would not fall apart/fail/stop so that Peter would be devastated.
μὴ negation not
Negation
ἐκλίπῃ 3s apassubj he/it might fall down
That Peter’s faith in the Lord would not collapse.
ἐκ-λείπω, [in LXX for כּלה‎, כּרת ni., תּמם, etc., 47 different words in all;] 1. trans., to leave out, pass over. 2. Intrans., to leave off, cease, fail: μαμωνᾶς, Lk 16:9; πίστις, Lk 22:32; ἔτη, He 1:12 (lxx); of the sun in an eclipse, Lk 23:45.†1
1 Abbott-Smith, G. 1922. In A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 139. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
ἡ πίστις fsnom faith
σου· msgen of possession of you
καὶ conj and
σύ pronoun you
ποτε adverb when
ἐπιστρέψας 2s aaind you have turned around
στήρισον 2s paimpv strengthen
στηρίζω, [in LXX for סמךְ‎, (שׂים) שׂוּם, etc.;] to fix, set fast, make fast: Lk 16:26; τ. πρόσωπον (Ez 6:2; 13:17, al.; v. Dalman, Words, 30 f.), Lk 9:51. Metaph., to confirm, establish:c., acc., Lk 22:32, Ac 18:23, Ro 1:11; 16:25, 1 Th 3:2, 13, 2 Th 3:3, Ja 5:8, 1 Pe 5:10, Re 3:2; id. seq. ἐν, 2 Th 2:17, 2 Pe 1:12.†1
1 Abbott-Smith, G. 1922. In A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 418. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
τοὺς ἀδελφούς mspl acc the brethren

σου. msgen of possession of you

It would seem, then, that Jesus knew that Peter would be tested in this manner. He had already prayed for him before this moment.
Luke 22:33 NASB95
33 But he said to Him, “Lord, with You I am ready to go both to prison and to death!”
Luke 22:33 UBS5
33 ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Κύριε, μετὰ σοῦ ἕτοιμός εἰμι καὶ εἰς φυλακὴν καὶ εἰς θάνατον πορεύεσθαι.
Matthew 26:33–35 NASB95
33 But Peter said to Him, “Even though all may fall away because of You, I will never fall away.” 34 Jesus said to him, “Truly I say to you that this very night, before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” 35 Peter said to Him, “Even if I have to die with You, I will not deny You.” All the disciples said the same thing too.
John 13:37–38 NASB95
37 Peter said to Him, “Lord, why can I not follow You right now? I will lay down my life for You.” 38 Jesus answered, “Will you lay down your life for Me? Truly, truly, I say to you, a rooster will not crow until you deny Me three times.
Luke 22:34 NASB95
34 And He said, “I say to you, Peter, the rooster will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know Me.”
Luke 22:34 UBS5
34 ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, Λέγω σοι, Πέτρε, οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρ ἕως τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι.
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